Glossary

The first player chosen in the draft, meaning scouts thought he'd be the best young player available.

“Slafkovsky was the #1 overall pick in 2022, so everyone expected him to become a superstar.”

The best team in a group of teams going into the playoffs, ranked by how many wins they had.

“The Avalanche are the #1 seed, which means they had the most wins in their conference.”

An extra inning that happens when a game is tied after 9 innings—teams keep playing until someone wins.

“The game went to 10 innings because the score was tied after the normal 9 innings.”

A robot that watches the pitcher and decides if each throw is a ball or strike instead of a human umpire.

“The ABS system calls every pitch based on exact measurements, not on what it thinks it saw.”

A team's best starting pitcher, the one who usually pitches the most important games.

“Gerrit Cole is the Yankees' ace, so the team struggles when he can't pitch.”

A team's best and most important pitcher, the one who starts the biggest games.

“Gerrit Cole is the Yankees' ace, so when he's hurt, the whole team suffers.”

The thick band of tissue that connects your calf muscle to your heel and lets you push off when you run or jump.

“When a sprinter tears their Achilles, they have to stop running for months because they can't push off the ground.”

A ligament (strong band of tissue) in your knee that helps you move and change direction; tearing it is one of the worst injuries in sports.

“When a basketball player suddenly changes direction and their knee buckles, they might tear their ACL.”

A serious knee injury where the anterior cruciate ligament (a key ligament in your knee) gets ripped or stretched.

“Many athletes who tear their ACL take months of physical therapy to come back, and some never play the same way again.”

When a player on the injured list is cleared to play again and officially returns to the roster.

“Once a pitcher's arm feels strong, the team will activate him so he can pitch in games.”

When a player who was on the injured list is cleared by doctors to play again.

“After the doctor said his ankle was healed, the player was activated and could return to the game.”

The group of players a team can use in games each day — usually 26 players during the regular season.

“The Mariners had to open a spot on their active roster to bring up Hoppe.”

When a team changes how it plays to fix problems and stop the other team from doing what worked before.

“If the Flyers scored a lot by shooting from the outside early, the Sabres might adjust by playing tighter defense there in Game 4.”

Move forward to the next round of the playoffs.

“If the Cavaliers win this series, they'll advance to play the next team.”

One of the four divisions in the NFL; it includes the Ravens, Steelers, Browns, and Bengals.

“The Ravens and Steelers have one of the biggest rivalries in the AFC North.”

A group of five baseball teams in the American League that all play in the western part of the United States and compete against each other.

“The Mariners, Rangers, Astros, Athletics, and Angels are all in the AL West.”

A player who is great at multiple things — hitting, speed, defense, power — not just one skill.

“Lindor is an all-around player because he hits, steals bases, and plays great defense.”

A list of the 15 best players in the entire league, picked by experts and fans voting together.

“Making All-NBA means you're officially one of the elite players in basketball.”

A player who is voted as one of the absolute best at their position that season.

“Will Anderson was an All-Pro defensive end, meaning experts thought he was the best at his job.”

A player chosen by fans and coaches as one of the best in the league that season.

“Making the All-Star team three times means Anderson was voted one of the best outfielders in baseball three different years.”

A computer program that studies a lot of information to make predictions about what will happen.

“ESPN's analytics model watched hundreds of college games to predict which players teams would pick in the draft.”

A song that represents a team, city, or group and gets played at special moments.

“The national anthem plays before every game, and now the Pistons have their own victory anthem too.”

Surgery where doctors remove your appendix, a small organ in your stomach that can get infected.

“Embiid had an emergency appendectomy because his appendix was about to burst.”

Someone who learns a skill by working closely with an expert.

“Justin Fields is apprenticing under Mahomes by being on his team and watching him play.”

The big building where a basketball team plays their home games.

“Little Caesars Arena is where the Pistons play, and that's where fans hear the winning song.”

The award given to the player who scores the most points (goals and assists combined) in the NHL each season.

“Connor McDavid has won the Art Ross Trophy multiple times, which proves he's one of the best scorers in hockey.”

When you pass the puck to a teammate who then scores the goal.

“If Draisaitl passed to someone who scored, that's an assist for Draisaitl.”

A coach who helps the head coach but doesn't make the final decisions; they usually specialize in one part of the game like offense or defense.

“The assistant coach worked with the defense while the head coach managed the whole team.”

A pass that leads directly to a basket being scored.

“LeBron had 13 assists, meaning he passed the ball to teammates who scored 13 baskets.”

A pass that directly leads to a teammate scoring a basket.

“LeBron had 13 assists, meaning he set up 13 of his teammates' scores.”

A detailed check of how a team or business is doing things to see if there are problems or mistakes.

“The team asked for an audit to figure out why they kept losing games.”

Signed by hand by the actual person — in this case, Michael Jordan wrote his name on the card.

“An autographed baseball is worth more than a regular one because the player signed it.”

The second-string player who comes in when the starter is injured, resting, or gets taken out of the game.

“The backup quarterback studied the playbook all week in case the starter got hurt.”

When harmful bacteria (tiny germs) grow inside your body and make you sick.

“A bacterial infection in your throat is different from a virus — doctors treat it with medicine called antibiotics.”

When harmful bacteria grow inside your body and make you very sick.

“Trocheck's bacterial infection was in his lung, which is a serious health problem.”

A pitch is a strike if it crosses over home plate in the zone where the batter's knees and shoulders are; anything else is a ball.

“If the pitcher throws way high, the ABS system calls it a ball.”

A form where voters write down their choices for who should win each award.

“When Tim Bontemps fills out his ballot, he's officially submitting his votes for MVP and other awards.”

A hit where the ball travels far enough that the batter reaches third base and all runners on the bases score.

“DeLauter's triple cleared the bases, so three runs scored at once.”

A conflict or argument between two people, usually celebrities or athletes who take shots at each other publicly.

“Celebrity beef between rappers or athletes often plays out on social media.”

The area where players sit when they're not playing in the game.

“When a player comes off the bench, they were sitting down and then the coach puts them into the game.”

To take a player out of the game and have them sit on the sideline instead of playing.

“The coach benched Mikal Bridges in the second half because he wasn't scoring.”

When a coach takes a player out of the lineup and makes them sit on the bench instead of playing.

“The coach benched the pitcher because he wasn't pitching well recently.”

A series where you need to win four games before your opponent wins four to advance.

“If it's 2-2 after four games, someone needs to win the next two games to get to four.”

You have to win 4 games before the other team does to move on to the next round.

“In a best-of-7, if you win games 1, 2, and 4, you advance even if the other team wins game 3.”

A series where the first team to win 4 games moves forward.

“If a team wins 4-2 in a best-of-seven, they won the series and play the next round.”

A playoff format where two teams play up to seven games, and whoever wins four games first wins the series.

“If one team wins 4-0, you never need to play Games 5, 6, or 7.”

A matchup where the first team to win 4 games moves forward; you can win in 4, 5, 6, or 7 games.

“In a best-of-seven series, if you're down 3-1, your opponent only needs one more win to eliminate you.”

A playoff matchup where the first team to win four games advances to the next round.

“If a series is 2-0, one team only needs two more wins to move on.”

A small tear or pull in the muscle on the upper arm, which pitchers use to throw.

“Matthew Boyd couldn't pitch for three weeks because of a biceps strain.”

A ranked list where scouts and teams order the best college players from 1 to 100, predicting who will get drafted first.

“The point guard moved from 8th to 3rd on the big board after his team won the tournament.”

A ranked list of the best prospects, ordered by overall talent and NFL readiness.

“Mel Kiper's Big Board lists the top 150 college players he thinks are ready for the NFL.”

Major League Baseball — the highest level of professional baseball in the U.S.

“Cole can't rejoin the big league club yet because he needs more practice first.”

Someone whose net worth is more than one billion dollars (that's $1,000,000,000).

“Steve Ballmer is a billionaire, which means he's one of the richest people alive.”

So obvious and clear that anyone paying attention would notice it.

“It was a blatant foul—the ref definitely saw it.”

When a team that was winning gives up runs and lets the other team catch up or take over.

“The Mets blew a 3-0 lead when the Twins scored 5 runs.”

The direction behind the quarterback that he can't see because he's looking downfield at receivers.

“If a defender sneaks up on the QB's blind side, the QB doesn't see him coming and gets tackled.”

A big, surprising trade that shocks fans because it involves important players or lots of picks.

“Trading away a star player for a draft pick is a blockbuster deal because both sides give up something valuable.”

A game where one team wins by a really big score, not close at all.

“The Thunder's 35-point win was a blowout because the Suns had no chance to come back.”

A game where one team wins by a lot of points, not close at all.

“The Timberwolves beat the Nuggets in a blowout, winning by more than 15 points.”

A chart that shows which teams play each other and how the winners move forward.

“I filled out my playoff bracket and predicted the Hurricanes would win the Cup.”

A chart that shows who plays who in the playoffs, starting with 16 teams and narrowing down until one champion is left.

“The NCAA basketball bracket has 68 teams, but the NBA bracket only has 16.”

The image or reputation someone builds—what people think of when they think of you.

“A player's brand includes how they play, how they act, and how they present themselves to fans.”

Important information that just happened and is being reported for the first time.

“Breaking news: A player just got injured in the third quarter.”

When a player suddenly plays way better than they ever have before.

“Wembanyama's rookie season was kind of a breakout year because nobody expected him to be this good this fast.”

The group of extra pitchers who sit and warm up, ready to come in when the starter gets tired.

“The Mets' bullpen was confused about who should come pitch in the game.”

All the relief pitchers on a team — basically your backup pitchers waiting to come in.

“The Giants' bullpen has some good arms, but it just got weaker without Butto.”

A draft pick who doesn't work out and disappoints the team that chose them.

“JaMarcus Russell was considered a huge bust because he played poorly.”

The muscle in the back of your lower leg, right below the knee, that you use to run and jump.

“Lindor has calf tightness, so running between bases hurt his leg.”

An injury to the muscle in the back of your lower leg that gets stretched too far or torn slightly.

“A calf strain happens to runners all the time because that muscle does a lot of work when you sprint.”

When the muscle in the back of your lower leg feels tight or starts to cramp, which can happen from running hard.

“Lindor felt calf tightness after running hard from first base and had to come out of the game.”

When a catcher signals the pitcher which type of pitch to throw next.

“The catcher puts down one finger for a fastball, two for a curveball — the pitcher sees the signal and throws that pitch.”

When a team brings a player from the minor leagues to play for the major league team.

“When the Rangers' pitcher got hurt, they called up Peyton Gray from the minors.”

The leader of a team, usually the best or most respected player.

“Alex Ovechkin is the Capitals' captain, so he wears a special 'C' on his jersey.”

The player on defense who crouches behind home plate and catches pitches from the pitcher.

“Salvador Perez is the catcher for the Kansas City Royals.”

The player who crouches behind home plate, catches pitches, and leads the team's defense.

“Cal Raleigh is the Mariners' catcher and one of their best players.”

The player in the middle of the ice who handles the puck and passes to teammates on the wings.

“A center like Draisaitl needs great skating skills and hockey sense.”

The top boss of a whole company or sports organization who makes the biggest decisions.

“The CEO of the Kraken runs the whole organization, not just the hockey side.”

The title you win by being the best team in your league.

“Kerr has won four championships with the Warriors.”

The years when a team's best players are still young and great enough to actually win a title.

“Joe Burrow's championship window is now, so the Bengals need to win soon before he gets older.”

Who someone is as a person—how they act, behave, and handle themselves off the field.

“Teams care about a player's character because they want guys who won't cause problems in the locker room.”

A private plane that a team rents just for their players and staff to travel together.

“The Blue Jays have a charter plane so the whole team can fly to games together instead of buying individual tickets.”

The trust and connection between teammates that helps them work together better.

“When Perez and Quatraro made up, it helped the team's chemistry.”

How well teammates work together and trust each other on the court.

“When a team has great chemistry, players know where their teammates will be without even looking.”

The baseball stadium in New York where the Mets play their home games.

“The Mets came home to play at Citi Field, but the crowd was quiet and small.”

To officially add a player from the waiver wire to your fantasy team.

“I claimed the Astros pitcher before anyone else could get him.”

Usually the best hitter on a team — typically the fourth batter in the lineup who drives in the most runs.

“Freddie Freeman is the Dodgers' cleanup hitter, so his absence hurts their chances to score runs.”

The player who bats fourth in the lineup, usually one of the team's best hitters who comes up with runners on base.

“Freeman is the Dodgers' cleanup hitter, so he gets crucial at-bats with baserunners.”

Approved by doctors to play again after being injured.

“The running back was cleared to play after his knee healed.”

When a doctor says an injured player is healthy enough and allowed to return to full practice and games.

“Banks will be cleared for football activities in June, meaning he can do everything without restrictions.”

When a doctor says an injured player is healthy enough to compete in a game.

“After the team doctor checked his knee, Durant was cleared to play in Game 2.”

To officially secure a win in a series by getting enough wins that the other team can't catch up.

“If the Flyers win 4 games before the Penguins do, they clinch the series and move to the next round.”

The pitcher who comes in during the final inning to protect a lead and finish the game.

“The closer is usually a team's best pitcher and only pitches when they're winning by a few runs.”

The pitcher who comes in at the end of a game when your team is winning by a little bit to finish it and get the final outs.

“When the Braves are up 3-2 in the ninth inning, Iglesias is their closer.”

The locker room and team area where players hang out, change, and spend time together.

“Griffin's teammates in the clubhouse are talking about how mature he is.”

The locker room and the culture of trust and respect among teammates.

“When veterans respect a young player, it changes the whole clubhouse vibe.”

When a player makes a huge play in a super important moment under pressure.

“Kapanen's goal with 2 minutes left was clutch because it won the game.”

Performing really well when the pressure is on and the game matters most.

“Murray was clutch because he made his free throws when winning Game 1 was crucial.”

A second superstar who plays alongside the best player to help win games.

“Kevin Durant was Curry's co-star, and together they won championships.”

The person who leads a team, decides who plays, and plans the strategy for how to win games.

“Steve Kerr is the Warriors' coach and decides what plays they run.”

The person in charge of teaching players how to play and deciding what happens during games.

“The coach decides who plays, what plays to run, and how the team should defend.”

One of the biggest music festivals in the world, held every year in the California desert where hundreds of thousands of people go to see live music.

“My older cousin went to Coachella last year and saw three different bands in one day.”

When a team looks for a new coach by interviewing candidates and deciding who to hire.

“The Bulls started their coaching search after their last coach left the team.”

All the assistant coaches and coaching people who work together to help the head coach train the players.

“The coaching staff includes shooting coaches, defensive coaches, and trainers who all work to make players better.”

A big event where college football players run, jump, and do drills so NFL scouts can measure their speed and strength.

“Players run a 40-yard dash at the combine to show how fast they are.”

When a team is losing but scores enough points to tie or win before the game ends.

“The Sabres' comeback from down 3-1 was amazing.”

Someone who talks about sports on TV or radio to explain what's happening and give opinions.

“Charles Barkley is a commentator on the NBA show Inside the NBA where he talks about basketball games.”

The boss of an entire sports league who makes big decisions for all the teams.

“Adam Silver is the NBA commissioner, so he's in charge of all 30 basketball teams.”

A type of head injury that happens when your brain gets shaken inside your skull, usually from a hard hit or fall.

“When a football player gets tackled hard and hits their head, they might get a concussion.”

A set of medical steps a player must follow and pass before they're allowed to play again after a head injury.

“The NBA's concussion protocol includes rest, light exercise, and doctor check-ins before a player can return to games.”

A set of medical rules the NBA follows when a player gets a head injury to make sure they're safe before playing again.

“After getting hit in the head, Wembanyama was placed in the concussion protocol and had to sit out.”

One half of the NBA — there's an Eastern Conference and a Western Conference.

“The Lakers are in the Western Conference and the Knicks are in the Eastern Conference.”

Believing you can do something before you actually do it.

“The quarterback had so much confidence that he threw the ball even though three defenders were near him.”

Teams that people think have a real chance to win the championship.

“After that win, the Lakers became serious contenders for the title.”

Someone who makes videos, photos, or posts that people enjoy watching or reading online.

“Jared McCain is both a basketball player and a content creator.”

A deal that says how much money a player will make and for how many years they'll play for a team.

“Lawrence wanted a new contract with more money, so the Giants traded him instead.”

A legal agreement between a player and team that says how much money the player will make and what they promise to do.

“Brissett's contract says he'll play QB for the Cardinals, but he thinks they should pay him more money.”

A new agreement that keeps someone working for a team for more years in the future.

“When a coach gets a contract extension, it means the team is saying 'We want you to stay and keep coaching us for the next 3-4 years.'”

When a player and team agree to add more years and more money to an existing deal instead of letting the player become free.

“Instead of waiting for Anderson to be free to sign with another team, the Texans gave him an extension to keep him longer.”

A bad bruise with swelling, but not a tear or break.

“Durant got a knee contusion in practice, which is painful but usually heals faster than a torn ligament.”

A fancy word for a bruise — when you get hit and the tissue under your skin gets damaged.

“Polanco has a right wrist contusion, which means his wrist is badly bruised.”

A defensive player who covers receivers and tries to stop them from catching passes.

“The cornerback jumped in front of the receiver and intercepted the ball.”

A defensive player who covers receivers and tries to stop them from catching the ball.

“The cornerback stayed tight on the receiver and broke up the pass.”

The most important player or piece that everything else is built on.

“A cornerstone player is like the foundation of a house — everything depends on it being strong.”

When a business decides to spend less money on things to save cash.

“The Blazers' cost-cutting includes things like stopping T-shirt giveaways and maybe paying less for staff.”

When you talk to a trained professional who helps you work through tough feelings or problems.

“Vrabel is getting counseling to help him deal with whatever is going on in his life.”

Talking to a trained professional who helps you work through problems or tough situations.

“Vrabel is getting counseling to deal with what's been going on.”

The expensive seats right next to the basketball court where you're super close to the action.

“LeBron's mom sat courtside and fans could see her react to every play he made.”

The seats closest to the basketball court, usually in the front row right next to where players run.

“Celebrity actors often sit courtside at NBA playoff games so the cameras show them during the broadcast.”

The lead referee who makes the final call on the hardest decisions during the game.

“The crew chief overruled the other refs and said it was a foul.”

A type of pitch that's thrown fast but curves slightly, making it tricky for the batter to hit solid contact.

“Jalen Beeks threw a cut fastball, but Oneil Cruz still managed to hit it harder than almost anyone.”

The award given each year to the best pitcher in baseball.

“Even though it's only April, people are already talking about Mason Miller winning the Cy Young Award.”

A player selected in rounds 2 or 3 of the NFL draft, usually really good college players.

“Zachariah Branch was expected to be a Day 2 pick, which means an NFL team would choose him fairly early.”

A player picked in the second or third round of the draft (still a valuable pick but not in the first round).

“If Branch is a Day 2 pick, he'll be chosen in round 2 or 3, which is still pretty early.”

A player might not play in the next game or two, but they could be back soon after that.

“After getting hit by the pitch, Acuña is day to day, so the Braves will decide if he plays tomorrow.”

When a college player officially says they want to enter the NBA draft instead of staying in college.

“When Acuff declared for the draft, it meant he was done playing at Arkansas.”

When a college player officially announces they're leaving school to enter the professional basketball league.

“After two great seasons at BYU, Dybantsa declared for the NBA Draft, meaning he won't go back to college.”

The person or team that won the title or award the year before.

“The defending MVP is the player who won it last season.”

The team that won the championship last year and is trying to win it again.

“The Nuggets are the defending champions because they won the NBA title last season.”

The team that won the championship last year and is now trying to win it again.

“The Nuggets are the defending champions because they won the NBA title last season.”

The team that won the championship last year.

“The Thunder are the defending champions because they won the NBA title in 2025.”

The team that won the championship last year and is trying to win again this year.

“The Nuggets are the defending NBA champions because they won the title last season.”

The team that won the championship last year.

“The Nuggets are the defending champs because they won the NBA championship last season.”

The player who won the award for best player in the National League last year.

“Shohei Ohtani was last year's MVP, so he's the defending MVP this year.”

The way a team tries to stop the other team from scoring points.

“Cleveland invented a new defense that makes it harder for great scorers to get easy baskets.”

The team trying to stop the other team from scoring; playing without the ball.

“The Magic's defense was so tight that Duren couldn't get open to shoot.”

The player on defense who is the most important and makes everyone else better at defending.

“Tim Duncan was the Spurs' defensive anchor because he protected the paint and helped teammates.”

The coach who teaches the players whose job is to defend against the other team's passing plays.

“The defensive backs coach works with cornerbacks and safeties to stop wide receivers from catching passes.”

A player on defense whose job is to rush toward the quarterback and stop running plays.

“Will Anderson plays defensive end, so he tries to tackle the other team's quarterback.”

A player on defense whose job is to rush at the quarterback and try to tackle him before he throws the ball.

“Will Anderson lines up at defensive end and chases down the other team's quarterback.”

A player on defense whose job is to stop the other team's offense by tackling running backs and sacking the quarterback.

“Dexter Lawrence is a defensive lineman who's really good at stopping running plays.”

A player whose job is to stop the other team's offense by tackling players and blocking passes.

“Dexter Lawrence plays defensive lineman and is one of the best at his position.”

A player on defense whose job is to rush forward and tackle the opponent's quarterback or running back.

“Defensive linemen are usually big and strong because they need to push through offensive players.”

A player on defense whose job is to stop the other team's running backs and sack the quarterback.

“Aaron Donald is one of the best defensive linemen in the NFL.”

An award given to the NBA player who plays the best defense that season.

“Winning DPOY means you stopped the other team from scoring better than anyone else in the league.”

A defensive player who lines up on the line of scrimmage and tries to stop the other team's offense.

“Dexter Lawrence is a defensive tackle who stops running backs in the backfield.”

A player on defense who lines up in the middle and tries to stop the other team's running plays and sack the quarterback.

“Dexter Lawrence is a defensive tackle, so he plays in the middle of the defensive line.”

A big, strong player on defense who lines up in the middle and tries to stop running plays and pressure the quarterback.

“Dexter Lawrence is a defensive tackle, so he plays in the trenches right where the offense attacks.”

When you're losing and the other team has more points than you do.

“Buffalo came back from a three-goal deficit to win the game.”

When a player's stick or body redirects the puck toward the goal instead of the player shooting it themselves.

“Johnston didn't shoot the puck cleanly—it deflected off his stick and went in.”

Having good backup players ready to step in if a starter gets hurt or isn't playing well.

“A team with good depth doesn't fall apart when one player gets injured.”

Having lots of good players on your team, not just superstars.

“A team with good depth can win games even when one of their best players gets injured.”

A player who isn't one of the team's biggest stars but still plays important minutes and does their job.

“O'Connor is a depth player who helps the team win even though he's not their best scorer.”

When a team removes a player from the active roster, giving other teams a chance to claim him before he's released or sent to the minors.

“The Mariners designated Legumina for assignment to make space for Hoppe.”

A player whose only job is to hit—they don't play defense in the field.

“Juan Soto is starting as the designated hitter, which means he'll bat but won't have to play outfield.”

A player whose only job is to hit; they don't play defense or stand in the field.

“Jorge Polanco is the Mets' designated hitter, so he comes up to bat but never plays in the outfield.”

Helping younger or newer players get better through practice, playing time, and coaching.

“The coach is developing young players by letting them play in games instead of sitting on the bench.”

A smaller group of teams that play each other more often during the season.

“The National League East has teams like the Braves, Phillies, and Mets that all play in the same division.”

A group of teams in the same part of the country that play each other a lot and compete for first place.

“The Braves and Phillies are in the NL East division, so they play each other many times a season.”

A game where losing means your team is eliminated or in serious trouble.

“Game 3 was do-or-die for the Raptors because they were already losing the series.”

When someone is accused of hurting a family member or someone they live with.

“Domestic battery charges mean the police believe someone harmed a person in their own home.”

To be way better than your opponent and control the game completely.

“Tatum dominated the game with great shooting and defense.”

When a game goes to overtime (extra time after regulation), and then goes to a second overtime period because nobody scored in the first one.

“The game was tied after 60 minutes, went to overtime, and nobody scored, so they played double overtime until Martinook scored at 13:53.”

In sports, it means a player probably won't play but there's still a small chance they might.

“The team listed Embiid as doubtful for Game 3, so he might not be ready yet.”

Losing the first two games of a series; your opponent has 2 wins and you have zero.

“The Penguins are down 0-2, so they've already lost twice and need to start winning immediately.”

One team has won 2 games and the other team has won 0 games in the series.

“The Avalanche are up 2-0, meaning they've won two and the Kings have won zero.”

When one team has won 3 games and the other has won only 1 game in a playoff series.

“If the Timberwolves win Game 4, they'll be up 3-1, and the Nuggets would need to win 3 straight to stay alive.”

When NFL teams take turns picking the best college football players to join their team.

“The draft happens once a year and teams plan for months before it.”

When teams pick new young players from college or junior leagues to join their team.

“The team used their draft pick to select a promising rookie goalie.”

The order in which teams get to pick, based on how many wins they had last season — worst teams pick first.

“If your team went 2-15, you'd have an early pick in the draft order.”

A chance for a team to choose a college player to join their team; a higher pick (like 10th overall) means you get to pick earlier, usually getting a better player.

“The Bengals gave the Giants a 10th overall draft pick, so they get to choose early in the next draft.”

Your turn to choose a player in the draft — and it can be traded to another team.

“A first-round pick means you get to choose early, when the best players are still available.”

The order in which a player is chosen — first pick, 57th pick, etc. — based on what round and which team is selecting.

“Being the first overall pick in the NFL Draft means you're probably going to be really good.”

Your spot in line to choose a player; picking first is better because you get to choose the player everyone wants most.

“The team with the worst record usually gets the first pick in the draft.”

The right to choose a player who just finished college before other teams get to pick them.

“If the Jets use their first draft pick on a quarterback, no other team can take that player.”

The order a team gets to choose new players from college — a valuable asset teams can trade away.

“The Bengals gave up draft picks to trade for Lawrence.”

The place where coaches sit together during the draft to talk about which players to pick.

“All the team's coaches gather in the draft room to make decisions when it's their turn to pick.”

Separate stages of the draft where teams take turns picking players; Round 1 has the best players, Round 2 has good players, Round 3 has solid players.

“A quarterback went in Round 1, but most quarterbacks get picked in Rounds 2 and 3.”

How high or low scouts think a player will be picked in the draft; it goes up or down based on performance and behavior.

“Branch's draft stock dropped after his arrest because teams got worried about picking him.”

A player's value and ranking going into the draft — higher stock means teams think you're better.

“Banks' draft stock stays high because he'll be healthy for the draft.”

When NFL teams pick college players in order to add them to their roster.

“The Vikings drafted J.J. McCarthy last year to be their quarterback of the future.”

When a team officially picks a player to join them, usually from college or high school.

“Teams draft young pitchers based partly on how hard they can throw.”

When a quarterback steps backward from the line of scrimmage to get space before throwing the football.

“The quarterback dropped back five steps and threw a long pass down the sideline.”

A long period of time where something doesn't happen, like a player not scoring goals.

“After O'Connor's drought of almost a year, he finally scored in the playoffs.”

The bench where the players and coaches sit during a game, usually in a sunken area along the field.

“The manager sits in the dugout and decides which pitcher should come in.”

A team that wins multiple championships over several years in a row.

“The Warriors' dynasty lasted from 2015 to 2019 when they won three titles in five years.”

One half of the NBA; the Cavs and Knicks play in this conference.

“The Eastern Conference has 15 teams, and the Cavs are one of the best ones.”

The first playoff matchup for teams in the Eastern Conference (the half of the NBA with cities like New York and Boston).

“The Knicks and Hawks are meeting in the Eastern Conference first-round, and if the Knicks win, they'll play a different team next.”

The first round of the NBA playoffs for the eight best teams in the eastern half of the United States.

“The Knicks and Hawks are playing in the Eastern Conference first-round series to see who moves on.”

A defensive player whose job is to run toward the quarterback and tackle him before he throws the ball.

“The Jets used their first pick on an edge rusher because they wanted to stop other teams' quarterbacks.”

A defensive player whose job is to run around the offensive line and tackle the quarterback before he can throw.

“Von Miller was one of the best edge rushers in NFL history because he got to the QB so fast.”

How well a player scores relative to how many shots they take — more points on fewer attempts is efficient.

“Barrett's 33 points on good efficiency meant he didn't waste possessions.”

Kicked out of the game and can't come back for the rest of it.

“When a player gets two technicals, they're ejected from the game.”

When a team loses so many games in a series that they can't win anymore and their season ends.

“If the Trail Blazers lose Game 2, they won't be eliminated yet because it's only 1-1.”

When you lose and you're out of the competition.

“If you lose Game 1, you're not eliminated yet—you still have more chances.”

Games where if you lose enough times in a row, your team is knocked out and goes home.

“In a playoff series, if you lose four games first, you're eliminated and can't play anymore.”

Among the very best at something.

“LeBron James plays at an elite level because he's one of the best players in the league.”

At the very top level; among the best.

“Wembanyama's footwork is elite, which means it's as good as the best players in basketball.”

A cheaper contract that rookie players sign for their first three years in the league while teams figure out if they're actually good.

“Celebrini signed an entry-level contract when he joined the Sharks, so he's paid less than veteran players.”

A special low-paying contract that new players sign when they join a professional league, designed to give teams a chance to develop young talent cheaply.

“Most first-round draft picks sign entry-level contracts that pay way less than what they'll make once they become stars.”

A period of time when things are a certain way, like when one coach runs a team.

“The Kerr era with the Warriors might be ending soon.”

Earned Run Average—how many runs a pitcher gives up per nine innings pitched.

“A pitcher with a 3.00 ERA gives up about 3 runs for every 9 innings he pitches.”

To use an option that you have the right to use — in this case, to officially say yes to keeping a player.

“The team decided to exercise the option on their young center.”

How fast a baseball is traveling the moment after a player hits it, measured in miles per hour.

“Oneil Cruz's exit velocity was 116.9 mph, which means the ball left his bat going faster than a race car on the highway.”

The speed of the baseball the moment it leaves the bat after being hit.

“That home run had an exit velocity of 110 mph.”

A time when something is no longer good or useful; in coaching, when it's time to move on.

“Kerr said coaching jobs have an expiration date, meaning even good coaches don't stay forever.”

A new contract that keeps a player on the same team for more years, usually with higher pay.

“If Celebrini signs an extension, he might stay with the Sharks for five more years instead of just one.”

When a player and team agree to add more years and money to the player's contract that already existed.

“Lawrence signed a one-year extension, which added $28 million to his deal with the Bengals.”

When a game is tied after 9 innings, they keep playing until one team finally wins.

“The Mets and Cubs played 10 innings because it was 1-1 after 9.”

A jump shot where the shooter moves backward, away from the basket, while jumping and shooting.

“McCollum's fadeaway was so smooth that the defender couldn't block it even though he was right there.”

All the people who are fans of a team and support them.

“The Lakers have a huge fanbase because they've won so many championships.”

A game where you pick real MLB players and earn points based on how well they actually play each week.

“In fantasy baseball, if your players hit lots of home runs, you win more points than your friends.”

A game where you draft real MLB players and score points based on how well they actually perform in real games.

“In my fantasy baseball league, I get points when my players get hits, home runs, and strikeouts.”

A game where you pick real NFL players and score points based on their actual performance in games.

“In fantasy football, if Patrick Mahomes throws 4 touchdowns, you get points toward your team's total.”

A game where you pick real NHL players and earn points based on how well they play in actual games.

“In fantasy hockey, if Connor McDavid scores a goal, you get points toward your team's total.”

All the minor league teams owned by one MLB team, where young players practice and develop.

“The Yankees' farm system has catchers, pitchers, and outfielders at different skill levels learning the game.”

When your team pushes the ball up the court quickly after getting it, before the other team can set up their defense.

“The fast break is a 3-on-2 where you're moving faster than the other team can get back.”

The fastest pitch a pitcher throws, used to blow it past hitters.

“He threw three fastballs in a row, each one over 98 mph.”

Being very tired from working too hard or too long.

“A goalie might experience fatigue after playing 80+ games in a season.”

Picked or expected to win or succeed.

“The home team is usually favored to win because they don't have to travel.”

The person or team that experts think is most likely to win.

“Love is the favorite to win the award, so most people think he'll get it.”

The teams that experts think have the best chance to win.

“The Celtics and Thunder are the favorites to make the Finals this year.”

The teams that experts think are most likely to win.

“The Thunder and Celtics are the favorites to win the championship this year.”

Serious criminal accusations that are worse than minor crimes and can result in jail time.

“A felony charge is much more serious than a speeding ticket — it could mean going to prison.”

The home stadium of the Boston Red Sox, one of the oldest and most famous baseball stadiums in America.

“Fenway Park has been around since 1912 and it's a really tough place to pitch as a visiting team.”

An ongoing argument or conflict between two people or groups that lasts for years.

“Their feud started over something small but grew into a 15-year situation where they wouldn't talk at all.”

The organization that runs international basketball and decides things like which country hosts the World Cup.

“FIBA makes the rules for basketball games between different countries.”

When a kicker boots the ball through the uprights from anywhere on the field, worth three points.

“If an offense can't score a touchdown, they might try a field goal to get three points instead.”

The number of times a player shoots the basketball, whether it goes in or not.

“Duren had only 4 field goal attempts in Game 1.”

A choice a team makes to pay extra money and keep a young drafted player for one more season instead of letting him leave.

“The Titans used their fifth-year option on Skoronski, which means he'll stay with them through 2030.”

Watching video recordings of games to study what other teams do and how to beat them.

“Mendoza watches film constantly to understand how defenses work.”

One of the last few people still in the running to win an award.

“The three MVP finalists are announced before one of them is crowned the winner.”

The last series of the playoffs where the two best teams play for the championship.

“The NBA Finals happen in June when one team wins the whole thing.”

The earliest and most important rounds of the draft, where the best college players get chosen.

“Teams usually pick their future stars in the first and second rounds because those players are the most ready to play.”

One of the four bases in baseball; the position where a player catches throws and covers that base.

“Freddie Freeman plays first base, which means he's usually standing near that base when other teams are batting.”

The very first pick of the entire draft, given to the worst team from the previous season.

“The team with the worst record gets to make the first overall pick.”

The player chosen before anyone else in the draft—the player a team thinks is the best in the entire country.

“Fernando Mendoza is the first overall pick, which means his team thinks he's better than every other player available.”

The first set of matchups in the playoffs where 16 teams compete in eight series.

“If the Lakers win their first-round series, they move on to the second round.”

The opening set of playoff games where 16 teams play, and the winners move forward.

“The Lakers are playing the Grizzlies in the first round of the playoffs.”

The first 32 picks of the draft, where each team picks once in order based on their record.

“The first round is the most important because the best available players get picked there.”

When a team loses in the first round of the playoffs and their season ends early.

“The Kings are facing their fifth straight first-round exit if they lose tonight.”

The first set of playoff games between two teams — the winner moves to the next round.

“The Avalanche vs. Kings is a first-round matchup, and they're fighting to be the first to four wins.”

When a team gets to choose a player early in the draft because they're one of the top teams picking.

“The Jets have the 16th overall first-round pick, so they get to pick before 20 other teams.”

One of the earliest and most valuable chances to pick a player in the draft, because you get to choose from the very best talent.

“A first-round pick is super valuable because you usually get a star-level player.”

The first set of games in the playoffs where teams compete best-of-7 (first to win 4 games advances).

“The Lakers and Rockets are playing a first-round playoff series to see who moves on.”

When two teams play best-of-seven games to decide who moves forward in the playoffs (first team to win 4 games advances).

“The Lightning and Canadiens are in a playoff series where they'll play up to 7 games.”

The opening round of the playoffs where two teams play multiple games (usually best-of-7, meaning first to win 4 games advances).

“Montreal and Tampa Bay are playing a first-round series in the playoffs.”

The first set of playoff games where teams battle to advance; you have to win 4 games before your opponent does.

“The Avalanche and Kings are playing in the first-round series, and whoever wins 4 games moves on.”

A pick in the first round of the draft, which means you get to choose before most other teams.

“A first-rounder is valuable because you get your choice of the best available players.”

When a player's skills match exactly what a team needs.

“That defensive back is a perfect fit for the Eagles because their defense is weak.”

Whether a player's skills and style match what a team needs and how they like to play.

“A quarterback with a strong arm is a better fit for a team that likes to throw deep passes.”

A small tear in the muscle on the inside of your forearm that helps you bend your wrist and fingers.

“Swinging a bat over and over can cause a flexor strain if your arm gets tired.”

When a player falls down or acts like they got hit harder than they actually did to trick the ref into calling a foul.

“The defender barely touched him, but he flopped and the ref called the foul.”

How well a player understands the game, makes smart decisions, and reads what's happening.

“Mendoza has high football IQ because he sees plays developing before they happen.”

The part of your arm between your elbow and your wrist.

“Baseball players use their forearms to swing the bat and throw the ball with power.”

When a player breaks a rule by hitting, pushing, or blocking another player unfairly.

“The defender fouled Murray, so he got to shoot two free throws.”

When a player breaks a rule by pushing, grabbing, or hitting another player unfairly.

“If you grab someone's arm while they're shooting, that's a foul and they get free throws.”

The final 12 minutes of a basketball game when teams are fighting for the win.

“The Thunder were down by 5 points going into the fourth quarter.”

A professional sports team and everything that belongs to it—the players, the owner, the building.

“The Warriors franchise includes all the players, coaches, and staff who work for that team.”

A professional sports team and everything that goes with it — the players, coaches, history, and fans.

“The Spurs franchise is known for winning championships.”

The best and most important player on a team—the one the whole team is built around.

“LeBron James is the franchise player for the Lakers because he's their leader and best scorer.”

The star player a team builds its whole future around for many years.

“When a team picks someone #1, they're saying: 'This is our franchise player for the next decade.'”

A really good quarterback who can play at the highest level for many years and lead your team to wins.

“The team has been bad for years because they don't have a franchise quarterback.”

A starting quarterback who is so good that a team can build their whole future around him.

“The Bears hope Caleb Williams becomes their franchise quarterback for the next 10 years.”

The best performance ever by any player in a single team's history for that specific stat.

“Celebrini broke the Sharks' franchise record for points, meaning no Shark has ever scored more in one season.”

The best performance ever by any player in that team's entire history.

“Celebrini broke the Sharks' franchise record for points in a single season — no Shark has ever scored more in one year.”

A one-year contract the team forces on a player to keep him from leaving, but it pays less than a real multi-year deal.

“The Cowboys put the franchise tag on Pickens so another team couldn't sign him.”

A player so good that they completely turn a team's future around.

“Luka Doncic was a franchise-changing pick because he made the Mavericks instantly competitive.”

A crime where someone tricks people or companies to steal money or get something they don't deserve.

“The accused committed fraud by lying about who he was to get loans he had no intention of repaying.”

When a player whose contract is finished can choose which team to play for next.

“Aaron Rodgers became a free agent and could pick between teams.”

When a player's contract ends and they're allowed to sign with any team that wants them, instead of being forced to stay with one team.

“LeBron James used free agency to leave Cleveland and join the Lakers.”

A player whose contract ended and who can now sign with any team that wants him.

“If the Titans didn't use the option, Skoronski would become a free agent and could join a different team.”

A player who is no longer under contract and can sign with any team they want.

“If the Giants hadn't traded Lawrence, he might have become a free agent and signed with a different team anyway.”

A player whose contract is over and can sign with any team that wants to pay them.

“If Williams became a free agent, the Cowboys or Eagles could have tried to sign him away from the 49ers.”

When something gets worse and worse really quickly, like falling without stopping.

“The team is in free fall — they keep losing and losing with no signs of stopping.”

An unguarded shot from the free throw line that a player gets when the other team fouls them.

“After the defender fouled him, Murray got to shoot a free throw with no one blocking him.”

An unguarded shot from the free throw line (15 feet away) that a player gets after being fouled.

“The referee called a foul, so the player got to shoot two free throws with nobody defending.”

A student in their first year of college.

“Peterson was a freshman, meaning he was only 18 and in his first year at Kansas.”

The people who run the business side of a team — they make big decisions like hiring coaches and trading players.

“The front office decided to get a new head coach because they wanted better results.”

The people who work for a team and make big decisions like hiring coaches and trading players.

“The Browns' front office decided to trade with the Chiefs to move up in the draft.”

The group of executives and decision-makers who run a team — not the players or coaches, but the people who hire them.

“The Celtics front office made smart trades to get Jayson Tatum and Jaylen Brown on the same team.”

Able to do everything in practice without any limits or restrictions.

“When a player is cleared as a full participant, it means they can practice normally with no special treatment.”

The first game in a series of games between two teams; usually the winner needs to win 4 games first.

“The Lakers won Game 1, so now they lead the series 1-0.”

When a coach waits until right before the game to decide if an injured player will actually play.

“LeBron had a sore ankle, so he was a game-time decision — they didn't announce he was playing until an hour before tipoff.”

The person in charge of finding and signing players for a team.

“The general manager decides who gets drafted and who gets traded away.”

The person whose job is to find and sign new players for the team.

“The general manager will make the draft picks this weekend instead of the head coach.”

The person who makes decisions about which players a team signs, trades, and drafts.

“The Seahawks' general manager decides if they keep or trade their players.”

The person who makes big decisions about which players the team signs, trades for, or drafts.

“The GM decided to trade their star player for three younger players.”

A young player so talented that he might be the best of his entire generation—someone who comes along only once every 10-20 years.

“LeBron James was a generational prospect. Victor Wembanyama looks like one too.”

The person in charge of building the team — they decide who to draft, trade for, or sign.

“The GM of the Cowboys has to decide which college players would help his team the most.”

When refs look at a replay and decide a goal didn't count because someone broke a rule, so the goal is erased.

“Martinook's first overtime goal was overturned because of an offsides violation.”

The player who stands in the net and tries to stop the other team from scoring.

“Scott Wedgewood is the Colorado goalie, so it's his job to block the puck.”

The player who stands in front of the net and tries to stop the other team from scoring.

“The goalie made an incredible save by diving across the ice.”

The player who stands in front of the goal and tries to stop the other team from scoring.

“Jake Oettinger is Dallas's goaltender, and he gave up six goals tonight.”

The player who stands in front of the net and tries to stop the other team from scoring.

“Jeremy Swayman is the Bruins' goaltender.”

Stands for 'Greatest Of All Time' — the best player ever at their position.

“Many people think Tom Brady is the GOAT of quarterbacks.”

The mildest type of muscle injury, where only a few fibers are slightly torn.

“A Grade 1 strain usually heals in a couple weeks, but a Grade 3 can take months.”

A small tear or stretch injury in the muscle between your hip and thigh, which makes running and moving painful.

“Soccer players often get groin strains from kicking hard or changing direction too fast.”

Money a player gets paid no matter what, even if they get injured or benched.

“Aubrey's $20 million guaranteed means Dallas has to pay him that amount even if he never kicks another field goal.”

A basketball position for a player who is usually smaller and faster, handles the ball a lot, and sets up plays.

“Acuff plays guard, so he's responsible for passing the ball and running the offense.”

What a coach says to his team in the locker room during the 15-minute break between the first and second half of a game.

“The coach's halftime speech got the team fired up to play better in the second half.”

A special honor given to the greatest players in sports history who changed the game.

“Tom Brady will probably be in the Hall of Fame one day because he was so good.”

A player so great that they get voted into a special group that honors the best to ever play.

“Chris Paul will be a Hall of Famer because he's one of the best point guards in NBA history.”

A muscle in the back of your thigh that helps you run and jump.

“A lot of sprinters and basketball players pull their hamstrings because those muscles are under so much stress.”

An injury to the muscle on the back of your thigh that helps you run and jump.

“When a player gets a hamstring strain, they usually can't run at full speed because it hurts.”

An award given every year to the best player in the NHL.

“Ovechkin has won the Hart Trophy eight times, more than almost anyone else.”

When one player scores 3 goals in a single game.

“Slafkovsky scored a hat trick, which means he had 3 goals in one night.”

The main coach who runs the whole team and makes all the big decisions.

“Mike Vrabel is the head coach of the New England Patriots, so he's in charge of everything the team does.”

The main coach in charge of the entire team and all the decisions about how they play.

“Mike Vrabel is the head coach of the Patriots, so he decides the game plan and who plays.”

The executive who decides which players a team should sign, trade for, or draft — basically the most powerful person on a team besides the owner.

“The head of basketball operations for the Warriors decided to draft Steph Curry, and that turned out to be the best decision ever.”

When a player hits another player in the head with their body or stick, which is dangerous and usually against the rules.

“The ref gave a penalty for the headshot because it could hurt the other player.”

When fans yell mean or annoying things at players to try to distract or upset them.

“The Red Sox fans were heckling the Yankees pitcher, but he ignored them and struck out the batter anyway.”

An award given every year to the best college football player in America.

“Caleb Williams won the Heisman Trophy when he played college football at Oklahoma.”

A baseball player whose job is to bat and try to get on base or score runs.

“Mike Trout is one of the best hitters in baseball because he gets a hit almost every game.”

When a player refuses to show up to team activities until they get what they want, usually more money or a better contract.

“Brissett's holdout means he's not attending practice right now because he wants a new deal.”

The benefit a team gets from playing games in their own city where fans support them.

“The crowd being loud and cheering for your team is part of home advantage.”

Playing in your own city, where your fans are cheering for you and you know the arena well.

“The Pistons have home court advantage because Game 1 is in Detroit.”

The benefit of playing more games in your own arena where your fans are louder and you're more comfortable.

“The higher seed gets home court advantage, so they play 4 games at home instead of 3.”

When a team plays more games in their home arena during a series, which usually helps them win.

“The Knicks have home court advantage, so they play 4 games in New York and the Hawks play 4 in Atlanta.”

When a team plays in their own building where their fans are and the arena is set up the way they like.

“The Maple Leafs have home ice advantage in their first-round series, so they play three of the first four games at home.”

The benefit a team gets by playing more games in their home arena where their fans support them.

“The team with the better record gets to play Games 1, 2, 5, and 7 at home, which is a huge advantage.”

A stretch where a team lost multiple playoff games in a row while playing in their own arena.

“The Magic had the NBA's longest home playoff losing streak before beating the Pistons.”

When a team loses multiple playoff games in a row at their own arena.

“The Magic had lost many playoff games at home, so this win was especially important to break that streak.”

When a batter hits the ball so far that they can run all the way around the bases and score without being tagged out.

“Cruz's 432-foot hit was a home run because the ball went over the fence.”

When a batter hits the ball so far that they can run all the way around all the bases and score without getting out.

“Ritchie threw his first pitch and the batter hit it over the fence for a home run.”

When a team gets to play more games at their own arena, which usually helps them win.

“The Thunder have home-court advantage, so they play Games 1, 2, 5, and 7 at home.”

When a team plays more games at their own arena during a series, which usually helps them win because their fans are louder and the environment is familiar.

“The Knicks have home-court advantage, so they play games 1, 2, and 5 at Madison Square Garden.”

When a team plays more games at their own arena, where the crowd supports them and they're comfortable.

“The higher-seeded team gets home-ice advantage, so they play 4 games at home instead of 3.”

The country where a big tournament takes place and provides the buildings, cities, and fans.

“When France hosts the World Cup, all the games happen in French cities.”

A quick opinion or prediction that someone makes based on what just happened, without waiting to see what happens next.

“After the Flyers won their first two games, people started saying they'd win the Cup — that's a hot take.”

When someone pretends to be you to steal money or access your accounts without permission.

“Identity theft happens when a criminal uses your name and personal information to borrow money in your name.”

A official list where baseball teams put players who are hurt and can't play for at least 15 days.

“When a player goes on the IL, another player gets to play their position.”

The way people think about you based on what they see and hear; your reputation.

“When a coach does something people don't like, it can hurt their image.”

A player who changes the way a team plays and wins games right away.

“That linebacker is an impact player — he makes tackles all over the field and makes everyone else better.”

To pretend to be someone else, usually to trick people.

“He used wigs and fake IDs to impersonate famous NFL players.”

Not performing at the same level every time — sometimes great, sometimes not.

“Pete's inconsistent play means the Cubs never know which version of him will show up.”

Baseball leagues that are not owned or run by MLB teams, often with lower pay and less visibility.

“Some players who don't get picked by MLB teams play in independent leagues to stay sharp.”

When a part of your body gets swollen, red, or sore because of an injury or overuse.

“Throwing a baseball hard over and over can cause inflammation in a pitcher's elbow.”

An official list where teams put players who are hurt and can't play for a set number of days (usually 10 or 15).

“When a soccer player breaks their ankle, they go on the injured list until they're healthy enough to play again.”

The official list of players who are too hurt to play in games.

“When Royce Lewis got put on the injured list, he couldn't play for nine games.”

A roster spot for players who are hurt and can't play — they come back when they heal.

“If a player breaks their wrist, they go on the 10-day injured list while it mends.”

A official list of players who are hurt and can't play; other players take their spot on the roster until they're healthy.

“When a pitcher breaks his arm, he goes on the injured list until the bone heals.”

When a player is hurt, MLB puts them on a special list so they can heal without losing their job on the team.

“Polanco went on the 10-day injured list because his wrist is too sore to play.”

An official list the league releases showing which players are hurt and might not play.

“Durant appeared on the injury report this week after hurting his knee in practice.”

An official list that teams release before each game saying which players are hurt or might not play.

“The Nuggets put Aaron Gordon on the injury report as 'probable,' meaning he might play, but then ruled him out hours before the game.”

One of nine periods in a baseball game where both teams get a turn to bat and play defense.

“Carroll had to leave before the fifth inning started.”

One of nine time periods in a baseball game where each team gets a turn to bat.

“Gray only pitched 3 innings before he got hurt.”

Someone who has secret information about what's happening because important people tell them things.

“Adam Schefter is an insider because teams tell him their plans before anyone else knows.”

Secret knowledge that only a few people have before everyone else finds out.

“A coach might have insider information about which player the team will draft before it's announced on TV.”

When someone uses secret information to make unfair money or gain an unfair advantage.

“If a scout told his brother which player would be drafted so his brother could make money betting on it, that would be insider trading.”

Doing the right thing even when no one is watching or it would be easier not to.

“Playing with integrity means not flopping (faking contact) even if you could trick the ref into calling a foul.”

Whether something is fair and honest, without cheating or unfairness.

“Booker said bad calls hurt the integrity of basketball because it wasn't a fair game.”

Secret information that only a few people know about.

“The reporter has intel that a star player might get traded next week.”

A coach who is filling in temporarily while the team looks for a permanent head coach.

“Tiago Splitter is the interim coach of the Trail Blazers right now, meaning he's in charge until they hire someone full-time.”

A special program where someone gets help by attending classes, counseling, or community service to address a problem.

“Instead of being punished, he can go to an intervention program to learn and improve.”

When authorities like the FBI look into a company or person to see if they broke the law.

“The FBI investigation of Aspiration found that the company wasn't being run honestly.”

Money you give to a company or person hoping they'll make it grow and give you back more later.

“Ballmer's $60 million investment in Aspiration didn't work out because the company failed.”

A small piece of actual fabric cut from a player's uniform and attached to the card as proof it's real.

“This card has a tiny piece of Jordan's actual All-Star Game jersey in it.”

A bruise on the tendons around your knee—the cord-like parts that help your leg move.

“Durant had a knee tendon bruise, so he sat out Game 1 to let it heal.”

The championship trophy that the winning team gets at the end of the NBA season.

“Every team in the playoffs is fighting to win the Larry O'Brien Trophy.”

Being ranked at the bottom of your division — the worst record among the teams you play most often.

“The Mets are in last place in the National League East, so they have the worst record in their division.”

Being the player your team counts on most to help win games.

“Jaylen Brown is leading the Celtics by playing great defense and scoring big points.”

The offensive lineman who protects the quarterback's left side (the side the QB can't see).

“As the left tackle, Trent Williams has to stop the defense's fastest pass rushers.”

The offensive lineman who stands to the left of the quarterback and protects him from defenders he can't see.

“The left tackle's job is to stop the other team's fastest pass rushers from hitting the quarterback.”

A player who was so great and famous that people remember them forever.

“Michael Jordan is a basketball legend because he's considered the greatest player who ever lived.”

So famous and respected that people will remember you for a very long time.

“Popovich is a legendary coach because he won so many championships.”

Power or advantage you have to make someone do what you want, usually because they need you.

“Brissett has leverage because the Cardinals need their starting QB — so he can skip workouts to pressure them into paying him more.”

A hard hit ball that travels low and fast, usually on a straight line from the batter toward the pitcher or fielders.

“The batter crushed a line drive right back at the pitcher.”

A defensive player who stands behind the defensive line and tackles players who run with the ball.

“Fred Warner plays linebacker, so he's one of the main guys stopping running backs from gaining yards.”

The group of players who bat for a team, listed in the order they take turns hitting.

“The Yankees' lineup has some of the best hitters in baseball.”

The list of players who will bat (hit) in that game, in the order they get to bat.

“The manager put Ohtani in the lineup, which means he'll bat that night.”

To stick around or take a long time to go away.

“Even after a hamstring heals, the injury can linger and make a player a step slower for weeks.”

A social media platform where adults usually post about their jobs, careers, and professional achievements.

“Most people use LinkedIn to share that they got a new job or got promoted at work.”

A short, high pass that allows a teammate to catch and dunk the ball.

“Duren is good at catching lobs, which means he can finish easy dunks when teammates pass to him near the basket.”

Playing defense so good that the other team's best player can't score easily.

“Brown plays lockdown defense and also scores—that makes him really hard to beat.”

The room where players change clothes and hang out together — also means the team's overall group and mood.

“If the locker room is unhappy, that usually means the players don't trust each other or the coach.”

A deal that locks a player and team together for multiple years with guaranteed money.

“Pickens wants a long-term contract so he's secure for the next 4 or 5 years.”

A clever way to follow the rules technically while still getting an unfair advantage.

“Some people think the Dodgers found a loophole in the roster rule.”

Pieces of bone or cartilage floating around inside a joint that shouldn't be there.

“Loose bodies in the elbow can move around and cause pain or affect how a pitcher throws.”

When a team wins fewer games than it loses in a single year.

“The Lions had a losing season in 2023 when they won only 1 game.”

When a team loses multiple games in a row without winning.

“The Mets are on a 10-game losing streak, meaning they lost 10 games straight.”

When a team loses game after game without winning, one after another.

“The Mets are on a 10-game losing streak, which means they lost their last 10 games.”

When a team loses many games in a row without winning.

“The Mets' 12-game losing streak means they've lost 12 games straight.”

A random drawing used to decide something fairly when luck is involved.

“The NBA lottery gives bad teams a chance to pick first, but it's not guaranteed — they have to win the drawing.”

The group of the worst teams in the league that get chances to pick early in the draft—like a drawing where bad teams can get lucky.

“Teams in the lottery have the best odds to pick a future star.”

One of the first 14 picks in the NBA draft, usually given to teams that had bad seasons and need new players.

“Scouts think Acuff will be a lottery pick, so he could go to a team that finished near the bottom last season.”

When the muscles in your lower back feel stiff and uncomfortable, but it's not a tear or serious injury.

“After sitting too long, you might get low back tightness that goes away after you stretch.”

An injury to the legs, hips, or feet that affects a player's ability to skate and move.

“Draisaitl's lower-body injury meant he couldn't skate fast enough to play.”

Extra money an NBA owner has to pay if they spend more than the salary cap allows on players.

“The Lakers pay the luxury tax because they want the best players, even if it costs them millions extra.”

To be one of the teams good enough to play in the playoff tournament at the end of the season.

“The Sabres missed the playoffs for so many years that fans almost gave up hope.”

The coach who runs the team, makes decisions about who plays and how to play, and talks to players about problems.

“Matt Quatraro is the Royals manager and is in charge of the whole team.”

The coach who makes decisions about who plays, when they play, and what strategy the team uses.

“Dave Roberts is the Dodgers manager, so he decides if Ohtani pitches or rests.”

The strategy a company uses to get people to notice and talk about their brand or product.

“Heinz's ketchup marketing stunt with the NFL Draft got people talking about their brand on social media.”

Acting grown-up and responsible—staying calm under pressure and making smart decisions.

“Griffin's maturity helps him stay focused even though he's the youngest player on his team.”

Something broken or not working right with the engine, wheels, or other parts of a vehicle.

“The plane had a mechanical issue, so it wasn't safe to fly and the team had to find another way to travel.”

A joke, image, or video that spreads online and gets shared and remixed by lots of people.

“Drake's Packers jacket photo probably became a meme that got posted all over social media.”

Taught and guided someone, usually someone younger or less experienced.

“Chris Paul mentored young players by showing them how to play smarter.”

Professional baseball leagues below MLB where younger or less experienced players develop their skills before making it to the big leagues.

“Griffin played in the minor leagues before becoming the youngest player in MLB.”

Lower-level professional baseball teams where players practice and develop skills before playing in MLB.

“Ryan Ward played in the minor leagues for years before the Dodgers called him up to the big leagues.”

Lower levels of professional baseball where younger or developing players get experience before playing in the majors.

“Ryan Ward spent years in the minor leagues practicing to get his shot in the big leagues.”

Mistakes or errors that hurt your team during a game.

“The Stars' miscues in Game 1, like bad passes, cost them the win.”

A criminal charge that is serious but not as serious as a felony; examples include minor theft or disorderly conduct.

“Branch was arrested on misdemeanor charges, which are less serious than felony charges but still a big problem for his career.”

An area with different types of buildings all together, like stores, apartments, restaurants, and sports venues in one place.

“The new stadium area will be a mixed-use development with the ballpark, shops, and restaurants all nearby.”

The first game a player ever plays in Major League Baseball.

“When a rookie pitcher throws their first pitch in the big leagues, that's their MLB debut.”

When an expert predicts which players teams will pick, in the order they'll pick them.

“Jordan Reid made a mock draft that shows his guess for all 257 picks this week.”

A guess about which team will pick which player, based on what each team needs.

“A mock draft might predict that Team A picks a quarterback because they need one badly.”

A prediction of which players teams will pick before the real draft happens.

“In the mock draft, three experts thought the quarterback would go No. 1, but two thought it would be a different player.”

The feeling of confidence and energy a team gets after winning; it can help them win the next game.

“The Knicks have momentum after winning Game 1, so they feel like they can beat anyone.”

The confidence and energy a team builds after winning, which can make them play even better in the next game.

“If the Knicks win Game 1, they'll have momentum going into Game 2.”

When a team trades to get an earlier turn in the draft so they can pick before other teams.

“Jacksonville moved up so no other team could pick Travis Hunter before them.”

A machine that takes detailed pictures inside your body to see if bones, muscles, or other parts are damaged.

“When a player gets hurt, doctors use an MRI to see exactly what's wrong before deciding if they can play.”

Most Valuable Player — the award given to the player who had the biggest positive impact on their team's success during the season.

“Last year's MVP was the player everyone agreed made the biggest difference in helping their team win games.”

The award given to the player who helps his team win the most during the whole season.

“Connor McDavid won the Hart Trophy last year because he led the league in points.”

An award given to the single best player in the league that season.

“Last year, Shai Gilgeous-Alexander was named MVP because he was the most valuable to his team.”

Playing so well that you're one of the best players in the whole league.

“Jaylen Brown is playing at MVP level—he's doing everything on the court.”

One of six divisions in baseball's National League, made up of teams in the eastern part of the country.

“The Phillies, Braves, Mets, Nationals, and Marlins all play in the NL East.”

An event where NBA teams take turns picking college players to join their teams.

“The NBA draft happens every June, and that's when Acuff could become a professional player.”

An annual event where NBA teams take turns picking college players and international players to join the league.

“The NBA Draft happens every June, and teams use it to find new young talent for their rosters.”

The last series of the NBA season where the two best teams play each other to decide the champion.

“The Celtics are trying to make the NBA Finals so they can win the whole championship.”

Fresh people with new ideas who haven't been around for a long time.

“After using the same strategy for years, a team might want 'new blood' to try something different.”

One of four divisions in the NFL's National Football Conference, made up of four teams in the western part of the country.

“The 49ers, Seahawks, Rams, and Cardinals are all in the NFC West.”

The event where NFL teams pick college players to join their teams.

“The NFL Draft happens every spring, and teams take turns picking the best college football players.”

The National Hockey League — the top professional hockey league in North America.

“The Utah Hockey Club will be an NHL team starting next season.”

A game where a pitcher doesn't let the other team get any hits, but batters can still reach base in other ways.

“Koufax threw four no-hitters, which is the second-most of any pitcher in history.”

The first player chosen in the NBA Draft — the player that scouts think is the most talented and ready to play pro.

“If Dybantsa goes No. 1 overall, an NBA team will choose him before any other player in the entire draft.”

The first player chosen in the draft by the team that had the worst record last season.

“The Raiders had the No. 1 pick, so they got to choose any player in college football first.”

The team with the best record in their conference during the regular season.

“The Thunder earned the No. 1 seed by winning more games than any other Western Conference team.”

The second team to choose a player in the draft; usually means that team can pick almost any player they want.

“With the No. 2 pick, the Jets can choose one of the best college players available.”

The award for the best defenseman during the season.

“A defenseman who blocks lots of shots and helps his team score might win the Norris Trophy.”

The five big players in front of the quarterback whose job is to block and protect him.

“A good O-line keeps the quarterback safe so he has time to throw the ball.”

The side muscles on your torso that help you bend and twist.

“When you do a side crunch at the gym, you're working your obliques.”

A muscle on the side of your body that helps you bend and rotate.

“When Reaves strained his oblique, it hurt when he twisted his body during games.”

Happening once in a while, not all the time.

“The team plays occasional games in other cities, maybe a few times a year.”

A number that shows how likely something is to happen — the better the odds, the more people think it will happen.

“The Lakers had bad odds to win the title, but after beating the Rockets, their odds got way better.”

People whose job is to predict what will happen in sports and assign numbers to show how likely each outcome is.

“Oddsmakers said the Warriors had a small chance to win the championship this year.”

The team's plan and players when they have the ball and are trying to score points.

“The Warriors' offense is so good because they can shoot from anywhere on the court.”

Players whose job is to score points by moving the ball toward the other team's end zone.

“Running backs and wide receivers are offensive players.”

The coach who designs plays and decides how the team will attack on offense.

“The offensive coordinator tells the quarterback which plays to run.”

The five big players in front of your quarterback whose job is to protect him and create holes for runners.

“If your offensive line is weak, your quarterback gets hit a lot.”

A player whose job is to protect the quarterback and create running lanes for teammates.

“Trent Williams is an offensive lineman, so he blocks defenders to keep the quarterback safe.”

A player on your team who blocks for the quarterback or running back instead of carrying the ball.

“The five offensive linemen form a wall in front of the quarterback to give him time to throw.”

Big, strong players whose job is to protect the quarterback and block for runners.

“The team drafted three offensive linemen because their quarterback was getting knocked down too much.”

A big, strong player who lines up next to the quarterback and blocks defenders from hitting him.

“The quarterback can't see defenders coming from his left side, so the left tackle has to protect him there.”

The months between when one season ends and the next one starts, when teams can make trades and hire new coaches.

“During the offseason, the Warriors will decide who stays and who goes.”

The time after the basketball season ends when teams make big changes like hiring new coaches.

“During the offseason, teams can hire new coaches, trade players, and plan for next season.”

When football players start training together in spring, before the season actually begins in fall.

“Teams hold offseason programs in April and May so players can get in shape and learn new plays before games start.”

When teams get together during the break between seasons to train, practice, and plan for the upcoming year.

“During the offseason program, players work on getting stronger and learning new plays.”

Optional spring practices where teams practice together before the regular season starts.

“Pierce will miss offseason workouts, but he'll be back in time for preseason games.”

A rule that says you can't be ahead of the puck when the puck enters the attacking zone — it keeps the game fair.

“If a player skates into the opponent's zone before the puck gets there, it's offsides and play stops.”

Playing in your own arena, in front of your own fans.

“Tampa Bay was playing on home ice, which should be an advantage because the crowd supports you.”

When a coach or manager is in danger of getting fired because things aren't going well.

“The quarterback played so badly that the coach is on the hot seat and might lose his job.”

Playing in the other team's arena instead of your home arena.

“The Hawks just won on the road against the Knicks, which is impressive because home teams usually have an advantage.”

A college player, usually a freshman, who plays one season in college then leaves for the NBA.

“Many of the best high school players become one-and-dones because they're ready for professional basketball after just one year.”

When people send mean, bullying messages to someone on the internet, usually hiding behind fake accounts.

“After a bad game, some players deal with online harassment from fans who are way meaner than they'd ever be in person.”

When a player's contract ends and other teams are allowed to try to sign them with their own offers.

“If Celebrini waits until the open market, any NHL team could make him an offer, not just the Sharks.”

A choice a player or team can make to end or continue a contract.

“The Red Sox had the option to keep Giolito, but Giolito declined and chose not to accept their offer.”

A player who stands in the outer part of the baseball field and tries to catch fly balls and throw runners out.

“The outfielders stand way back in the field, ready to run and catch balls hit high in the air.”

A player who plays in the field behind the infield, catching balls hit far from home plate.

“Anderson was an outfielder who caught fly balls and hit home runs.”

When a player picked later in the draft turns out to be better than players picked before them.

“If a player picked in round 5 becomes a star while round 1 picks don't, he outperformed his slot.”

Your spot in the entire draft — pick #1 is first, pick #32 is last in the first round.

“If you're the #18 overall pick, that means 17 players went before you.”

Doing better than people expected you to do.

“If a team was supposed to win 8 games but won 11, they're overperforming.”

Extra time added to a game when the score is tied after regulation ends.

“The game was 2-2 after three periods, so they played overtime and the Lightning won.”

Extra time added to a game when the score is tied at the end of regulation.

“The Sabres scored the winning goal in overtime.”

Extra time played when a game is tied after the regular time runs out; first team to score wins.

“The Canadiens and Lightning were tied, so they played overtime and Slafkovsky scored the winning goal.”

The speed or rate at which something is happening that lets you predict what will happen by season's end.

“If Murakami is hitting 1 home run every 2 games, his pace suggests he'll hit about 80 by year's end.”

When all teams are roughly equal in strength so any team has a chance to win.

“Giving the worst team the first pick helps create parity in the league.”

When two companies or groups work together on a project and share the work and money involved.

“The Royals and Hallmark Cards formed a partnership to build the new stadium together.”

A defensive player whose main job is to run at the quarterback and tackle him or force bad throws.

“The best pass rushers in the NFL get double-teamed because teams fear them.”

A defensive player whose main job is to run forward and attack the quarterback to stop him from throwing.

“Will Anderson is one of the best pass rushers in the NFL because he's so quick at getting to the quarterback.”

A special list MLB teams use when a player needs to leave for a few days because his wife is having a baby.

“When Freddie Freeman's baby was born, he went on the paternity list so he could be there for his family.”

A special break that baseball players can take for up to three days when they have a baby.

“Freeman used the paternity list to be with his family after his baby was born.”

A special annual baseball game in Boston that celebrates Massachusetts history — it's been a tradition for over 100 years.

“The Red Sox play a game on Patriots' Day every year, and teams always want their best pitcher starting.”

The best you'll ever be at something — for athletes, the years when they play their absolute best.

“LeBron James peaked in his late twenties when he was winning championships and scoring 25+ points a game.”

When a player breaks a rule and the other team gets to have an extra player on the ice for a few minutes.

“If you slash an opponent's stick, you sit in the penalty box and your team is down a player.”

A free chance for one player to skate at the goalie with no defenders allowed, given when the other team breaks a rule in a really unfair way.

“The player got a penalty shot after being tripped on a breakaway, and he had a wide-open shot at the goalie.”

A free scoring chance where one player skates toward the goalie alone to try to score, with no other defenders.

“Martinook got a penalty shot in the first overtime but didn't score on it.”

A game where a pitcher doesn't let any batter get on base — the absolute best a pitcher can do.

“Koufax threw a perfect game in 1965, which means he got 27 outs without letting anyone reach first base.”

A group of writers and broadcasters who cover hockey and get to vote on awards.

“The PHWA votes on the Hart Trophy, Vezina Trophy, and other major awards.”

A medical exam where doctors check if a player is healthy enough to play professional sports.

“The Giants gave Odell Beckham Jr. a physical to make sure his injuries have healed.”

A medical exam where doctors check that a player is healthy enough to play.

“Lawrence had to pass his physical with the Bengals before they would pay him the big contract.”

Your turn to choose a player in the draft; the #1 pick goes first, #2 pick goes second, and so on.

“The Jets have the second pick, which means they get to choose after the team with the first pick makes their choice.”

A team's turn to choose a college player; you can trade picks to other teams.

“The Chiefs got extra picks from the Browns in the trade.”

Your turn to choose a player in the draft; teams take turns picking in order, with the worst team picking first.

“The Eagles used the No. 20 pick to select Makai Lemon.”

Your turn to choose a player during the draft; the number shows where you pick (15th means you're picking 15th).

“The 15th pick is valuable because it means you get to choose from the best remaining players.”

The order number that determines when a team gets to choose a player in the draft.

“With the 13th pick, the Rams chose Ty Simpson.”

Your turn to choose a player in the draft; the higher your pick, the earlier you get to choose.

“The worst team from last season gets the first pick, meaning they get to choose before everyone else.”

The player who throws the baseball to the batter.

“A good pitcher can throw a fastball really hard.”

All the plays and strategies a team practices and uses in games.

“A rookie quarterback has to learn the team's playbook before he can play in games.”

Games that happen after the regular season where the best teams compete to win the championship; way harder and more intense than regular games.

“The Spurs made the playoffs, which means they're one of the 16 best teams in basketball.”

A tournament that happens after the regular season where the best teams compete to be champions.

“In the playoffs, every game matters way more because if you lose enough times, you're done for the season.”

The first time a player ever plays in a playoff game.

“Wembanyama's playoff debut was incredible because he scored more than any other Spurs player had in their first playoff game.”

A game played after the regular season ends between the best teams, where losing means you're out for the year.

“The Sabres won their first playoff game in 15 years, so they get to play in the next round.”

Games near the end of the season where the best teams compete to win the championship.

“Playoff games are more intense than regular season games because the stakes are higher.”

Your standing in the race to make the playoffs—whether you're in or at risk of being left out.

“The Knicks are fighting to stay in playoff position with only a few weeks left in the season.”

When a team keeps winning games in the playoffs to try to win the championship.

“If the Sabres make the playoffs, people think they could have a surprise playoff run.”

A set of games between two teams where the first team to win a certain number of games moves on (usually best-of-seven, so first to 4 wins).

“The Knicks and Hawks are playing a playoff series, and the Knicks won Game 1.”

A best-of-seven matchup where the first team to win 4 games advances to the next round.

“The Nuggets and Timberwolves are playing a playoff series that could go up to 7 games.”

A tournament after the regular season where the best teams play each other to decide the champion.

“The Lakers made the playoffs by finishing with a good record during the regular season.”

A tournament after the regular season where the best teams play each other, and winners keep going until one team is champion.

“The NBA playoffs start in April and end in June when someone wins the championship.”

An audio show you can listen to whenever you want, usually about one topic or person.

“I listened to a basketball podcast while doing my homework.”

The player who handles the ball the most and runs the offense for their team.

“Jalen Brunson is the Knicks' point guard, so he controls how they play.”

The player who brings the ball up the court and decides where it should go—like the quarterback in football.

“Chris Paul was a point guard who made his teammates better by getting them the ball in the right spots.”

The specific job a player has on the field — like quarterback, running back, or defensive end.

“Patrick Mahomes plays the quarterback position, which is usually the highest-paid spot on a team.”

The specific job a player has on the team, like quarterback, running back, or linebacker.

“The team's biggest need is the quarterback position because their current QB keeps getting injured.”

When a tall player gets the ball near the basket and backs down a smaller defender to score.

“A big man posts up in the paint to try to score over a shorter player.”

When you dunk on a defender so hard it looks like a highlight photo they'd be embarrassed to see everywhere.

“LeBron James put Jayson Tatum on the poster with a huge dunk over his head.”

The playoff games that happen after the regular season ends, where the best teams compete for the championship.

“If the Mets keep losing, they might not make the postseason this year.”

The playoffs — the tournament that happens after the regular season ends to decide the champion.

“The postseason is when only 16 teams play, and they battle it out until one team wins the championship.”

How good a player could become in the future if everything works out and they develop their skills.

“A young player might have huge potential but not have much production yet because they're still learning.”

When one team has more players on the ice because the other team committed a penalty, giving them a better chance to score.

“Slafkovsky's overtime goal came on a power play when Montreal had 5 players against Tampa Bay's 4.”

When one team has more players on the ice because the other team took a penalty.

“The Canadiens scored on a 5-on-4 power play when the Lightning had a player in the penalty box.”

A list that ranks teams based on how well they're playing RIGHT NOW, not on where they finished last year or where experts thought they'd finish.

“The power rankings changed a lot after Week 2 because the team in first place lost five games in a row.”

A meeting between an NFL team and a college player before the draft, where the team gets to know the player better.

“The Patriots had a pre-draft visit with the quarterback, and he impressed them in person.”

A special type of trading card printed in very small amounts with rare materials, making it extra valuable.

“The Precious Metal Gems version is rarer than regular cards, so it's worth way more money.”

An all-star game where the best players from each team play against each other; being selected means you're one of the top players at your position.

“Dexter Lawrence was a Pro Bowler, which means he was one of the best defensive linemen in the whole league.”

A player voted by fans and coaches to play in the NFL's all-star game, which means they're one of the best at their position.

“Being a Pro Bowler three times means Trent Williams is among the elite left tackles in football.”

How good a player actually was in games — the stats and plays they made that prove they're great.

“Bailey had great production at Texas Tech because he sacked the quarterback a ton and made huge plays.”

Asked someone to marry you, usually by giving them a ring.

“He proposed to his girlfriend by getting down on one knee with a ring.”

A college player who might get picked by an NFL team.

“That quarterback is the top prospect in this year's draft.”

A college player who is eligible to be drafted into the NFL.

“That Alabama quarterback is the top prospect in this year's draft.”

A rule that says if a team traded away their draft pick, they can keep it back if it lands in a certain range.

“The Jazz had a protected pick, so they didn't lose it in the tiebreaker.”

A person whose job puts them in front of cameras and the public, so people know who they are and pay attention to what they do.

“Coaches and reporters are public figures because they work on TV and people follow their careers.”

Quarterback—the player who throws the football.

“Kyler Murray is the Vikings' new QB.”

A stretch or small tear in the quadriceps muscle, which is the big muscle on the front of your thigh.

“A sprinter might get a quad strain from pushing off too hard during a race.”

The large muscle on the front of your thigh that helps you run, kick, and jump.

“When you sprint down the baseline in baseball, your quadriceps does a lot of the work.”

The player on offense who throws the football and leads the team's plays.

“Shedeur Sanders is the Browns' quarterback, so he touches the ball on almost every play.”

The player on offense who throws the football to other players.

“Ty Simpson is a quarterback, and he might go early in the draft.”

The player who throws the football and leads the offense on every play.

“Patrick Mahomes is the Kansas City Chiefs' quarterback.”

The player on offense who throws the football and leads the team's plays.

“Aaron Rodgers is the Steelers' quarterback.”

The first round of the playoffs where 8 teams from each conference play to narrow it down to 4.

“The Lightning are in the quarterfinal round, which is where the playoffs begin.”

A player might play, but the team isn't sure yet — they'll decide before game time.

“The star forward is questionable for tomorrow's game because of a shoulder injury.”

A tool that measures how fast a pitched baseball is traveling.

“The radar gun showed the pitch was 102 mph.”

When a team scores multiple runs in a short time, usually when they're behind.

“The Cubs rallied in the 9th and 10th innings to come back and win the game.”

Something that is very hard to find or was only made in small quantities.

“This card is rare because only a few hundred were printed back in 1997.”

Choosing when to go all-out and when to play more relaxed so you don't wear yourself down.

“LeBron rationed his energy by passing more and running less, saving his legs for crucial moments.”

The number of runs a batter scores for their team by getting a hit or walking with runners on base.

“If there are two runners on base and you hit a home run, you get 3 RBIs because three runs scored because of your hit.”

Checked again by doctors or trainers to see how much better an injury is getting.

“The Thunder will re-evaluate Williams next week to see if his hamstring is healing.”

When a team picks a player earlier than expected because they want him, even though better players are still available.

“The Rams reached for that quarterback when three defensive stars were still on the board.”

When a player grabs the ball after someone misses a shot.

“A center's job includes getting rebounds to give their team a second chance to score.”

To start over by trading away older players and building a new team around young talent.

“If the Warriors rebuild, they'll trade their aging stars for young players with potential.”

When a team decides to get younger and start over instead of trying to win right away.

“After trading away their stars, the team is in rebuild mode and probably won't win for a few years.”

When a team decides to get worse now so they can be much better in the future.

“A team in rebuild mode might trade away their best players to get more draft picks.”

When a team trades away stars and focuses on finding young players for the future instead of trying to win right now.

“The Giants are rebuilding, so they traded away Lawrence to save money for younger players.”

Starting over by getting rid of old players and building a new, younger team through the draft.

“The Jets are rebuilding because they want to get faster, younger players instead of trying to win right now.”

When a team decides to start over by getting rid of older players and picking young ones.

“The Giants are rebuilding, so they traded away a star to get younger players.”

When a team brings a player up from the minor leagues to join the main roster for games.

“The Mariners recalled Hoppe from Triple-A Tacoma.”

When a team brings a player up from the minor leagues to play in the major leagues.

“The Dodgers recalled Ryan Ward to fill in for Freeman while he was away.”

When a team brings up a player from the minor leagues to play on the main roster.

“Ward was recalled from the minors to fill Freeman's spot.”

A player whose job is to catch passes thrown by the quarterback.

“Zay Flowers is a receiver, so he runs routes and catches passes for the Ravens.”

A player on offense whose job is to catch the football thrown by the quarterback.

“A.J. Brown is a receiver, and he's really good at catching passes and scoring.”

The 82 games every NBA team plays before the playoffs begin.

“During the regular season, teams play almost every other night from October through April.”

The normal three 20-minute periods of a hockey game, before overtime or a shootout happens.

“Vegas hasn't lost a game in regulation, which means they've won or gone to overtime in every game.”

A practice game where an injured player pitches or plays against a minor league team to prove they're healthy enough to return.

“Gerrit Cole threw a rehab outing on Friday to test his arm before coming back.”

A practice game a hurt player throws or plays in to get back in shape before returning to real games.

“Cole threw a rehab outing Friday to see if his arm is ready.”

A practice game where an injured player throws or plays in the minor leagues to rebuild strength before returning to the real team.

“Cole's second rehab start showed he's almost ready to pitch for the Yankees again.”

Put back on the active roster so a player can play in games again.

“Once a player's injury heals, the team reinstates them and they're back in the lineup.”

When a team lets a player go and he's no longer part of the team.

“The Phillies released Taijuan Walker, which means he's no longer their pitcher.”

A pitcher who comes in during the game to replace another pitcher, usually for specific situations.

“Mason Miller is a relief pitcher who specializes in closing out games.”

A pitcher who comes into the game in the middle or late innings, usually when the starter is tired or struggling.

“When the Giants' starter threw 100 pitches, the relief pitcher came in to finish the game.”

A pitcher who comes in late in the game to protect a lead and try to win the game.

“Craig Kimbrel is a closer, so he comes in when the score is close at the end of the game.”

A pitcher who comes into the game late to finish it, usually when the starter is tired or it's a close game.

“In the bottom of the 9th with a one-run lead, the manager brings in their best reliever to close out the win.”

A pitcher who comes into the game in the middle or near the end, not someone who starts the game.

“When the starting pitcher gets tired in the 6th inning, the manager brings in a reliever.”

When a sports team moves from one city to a completely different city.

“The Golden Knights are relocating from Las Vegas to Salt Lake City, Utah.”

To take back or cancel something that was already decided.

“The teacher rescinded the homework assignment after realizing it was too hard.”

The ability to bounce back and keep going even after something really hard happens.

“Oklahoma City showed resilience by building the Thunder as a symbol of hope after the 1995 bombing.”

Rules a doctor gives a player about what they can and can't do while healing from an injury.

“A player might have restrictions like 'no running' while the injury heals, but once they're cleared, those restrictions are gone.”

To stop playing professional sports, usually because you're older or ready to do something else.

“Many football players retire in their mid-30s because their bodies are worn out from years of playing.”

Going back to an earlier date — in this case, Donovan's injury is listed as starting Saturday even though it was announced Monday.

“If you got sick on Monday but didn't tell your school until Wednesday, they could make it retroactive to Monday.”

When officials stop the game and watch a video of a play to decide if it was legal or if someone broke the rules.

“The coach asked for a review because he thought the player was offside.”

A serious disagreement or break between people that goes on for a long time.

“The rift between the two friends lasted so long that everyone thought they'd never be cool again.”

An offensive lineman who blocks for the quarterback and runner; stands on the right side of the line.

“Peter Skoronski plays right guard, meaning he's one of five players protecting the quarterback.”

A team your team has a long history of intense competition and dislike with.

“The Flyers and Penguins are rivals, so their playoff matchups are especially heated.”

A team or player that your team really wants to beat because of a long history of competition.

“The Flyers and Penguins are rivals, so they always play harder against each other.”

When two teams really don't like each other and have a history of intense, competitive games.

“The Yankees-Red Sox rivalry is one of the biggest in all of sports—these teams have been enemies for over 100 years.”

When two teams really dislike each other and have a long history of competing.

“The Flyers and Penguins are rivals because they've been beating each other for decades.”

Two teams that are enemies and really dislike each other, usually because they're close to each other or have a history of playing.

“The Celtics and Sixers are rivals because they're both great teams in the Northeast.”

The way an artist or company slowly reveals a new project to build excitement before the full release.

“Drake's 'Iceman' rollout means he's releasing photos and hints about the album before it comes out.”

A player in their first professional season.

“Porter Martone is a rookie because this is his first year playing in the NHL.”

A player in their first year of professional sports.

“Porter Martone is a rookie, so this is his first season playing in the NHL.”

The first official trading card ever made of a player, printed when they join a league as a newcomer.

“Kobe's 1997 rookie card is worth millions because it's from his first year in the NBA.”

The deal a player signs immediately after being drafted, which lasts four years and pays less than veteran deals.

“He signed his rookie contract right after the draft for $5 million a year.”

An award given to the best first-year player in the league.

“A player in their first NBA season can win Rookie of the Year if they play better than other first-year players.”

The official list of all the players on a team.

“The Dodgers added three new players to their roster this offseason.”

The official list of all players on a team.

“The team added three new players to their roster this offseason.”

The group of pitchers who take turns starting games for a baseball team.

“The Yankees have five guys in their rotation, and each one pitches every fifth game.”

The group of pitchers who take turns being the starting pitcher for each game.

“A team's rotation might have five starting pitchers, and each one pitches every fifth game.”

Each stage of the draft where all 32 teams get one pick; the draft has seven rounds total.

“In Round 1, each team picks once. In Round 2, they each pick again, and so on.”

A full cycle where all 32 teams get one pick each.

“In Round 1, the 32 teams each pick one player; then Round 2 starts and they each pick again.”

The first round of the draft, when teams pick the players they think will be the best and most important.

“A.J. Brown was picked in Round 1 because everyone thought he'd be a star.”

The first round of the draft, which happens on the first day and is the most watched part.

“All the star players are usually gone by the end of Round 1.”

When a team officially says a player won't play in a game.

“The coach ruled out Quickley for Game 2, so he definitely won't be on the court.”

When a coach or doctor officially says a player cannot play in a game.

“The team ruled out Wembanyama for the rest of Tuesday's game.”

A point scored in baseball when a player makes it all the way around the bases and touches home plate.

“Miller hasn't allowed a single run this season, meaning no batters have scored off his pitches.”

A player on offense whose main job is to carry the football and score touchdowns.

“Jeremiah Love is a running back who might get picked early in the draft.”

When something tears or bursts suddenly, usually something inside your body.

“If you jump wrong and rupture your Achilles tendon, you'll feel a sharp pain and won't be able to walk normally.”

When a defensive player tackles the quarterback behind the line of scrimmage before the QB throws the ball.

“If a defensive end tackles the QB in the backfield, that's called a sack.”

When a defender tackles the quarterback before he can throw the ball.

“If your offensive line is weak, the quarterback gets sacked a lot.”

A hit where the batter intentionally lets themselves get out so a runner can score from third base.

“Nico Hoerner hit a sacrifice fly that brought the winning run home.”

A defensive player who lines up far back from the line of scrimmage to defend against passes and long plays.

“A safety's job is to cover wide receivers and try to intercept passes.”

A defensive player who lines up deep in the field and is the last defender before the end zone.

“Caleb Downs plays safety and stops long passes.”

The total amount of money a team is allowed to spend on all players' salaries in one year.

“The NFL salary cap is around $250 million per team, so if one player gets $50 million, that's a fifth of the whole budget.”

A limit on how much money each team can spend on player salaries in a season.

“The Giants had to trade Lawrence partly because his salary was taking up too much of their salary cap.”

The maximum amount of money a team is allowed to spend on all its players' contracts.

“The team wanted to sign two good free agents, but the salary cap wouldn't let them afford both.”

How many times something has happened—the bigger the number, the more you can trust the pattern.

“After one game, a player's stats don't mean much, but after 20 games, you can start believing the pattern.”

When a closer finishes a game and your team wins, the closer gets credit for a save.

“Iglesias had 40 saves last year, meaning he finished 40 wins for the Braves.”

The number of shots a goalie stops from going into the net.

“The goalie made 27 saves, meaning 27 shots didn't score.”

When a goalie blocks a shot and prevents a goal.

“Swayman made 34 saves, meaning he stopped the puck 34 times.”

When a runner safely reaches home plate and earns one point for the team.

“After hitting a home run, the batter scored immediately.”

A person whose job is to watch players and decide if they're good enough for the NFL.

“The scout watched the college game and wrote a report saying the receiver was too slow for the NFL.”

A person whose job is to watch college games and report on how good players are.

“The team's scout said the wide receiver has great hands but runs slow.”

People who watch college games and evaluate which players are good enough for the pros.

“NFL scouts travel to college games to study players and decide if they'd be good in the league.”

People whose job is to watch players and decide how good they are and if they're ready for the pros.

“NBA scouts have watched Dybantsa play many times and believe he's talented enough to be the #1 pick.”

When a player is listed as unable to play, usually because of an injury or the coach's decision to rest them.

“The announcer said LeBron is a scratch for tonight's game because of a sore ankle.”

The stretch of games a team plays from opening day until the end of the regular games (before playoffs).

“The Mets' 2026 season has barely started, but they're already in big trouble.”

An injury so serious that a player can't come back and play for the rest of that year.

“When Warner hurt his ankle in October, doctors said it was a season-ending injury, so he had to sit out the rest of 2025.”

The most points (or stats) a player has scored in any single game all year long.

“Scoot's season-high of 31 points means he never scored more than that in any other game this year.”

A young college player selected in the second round of the NFL draft, usually considered a promising prospect but not an immediate star.

“A second-round pick is expected to develop and contribute within a couple seasons, not right away like first-round picks.”

When teams pick college players in the early part of the professional draft; second round means these players were considered pretty good prospects.

“Both Orhorhoro and Smith were second-round picks, so they were supposed to be solid players.”

All the defensive players whose job is to cover receivers and defend against passing plays.

“The Chiefs' secondary needs help, so they drafted a cornerback to make it stronger.”

A ranking given to teams before the playoffs based on how well they did during the regular season — the #1 seed is the best team.

“The Pistons are the #1 seed, so they're supposed to be the best team in the Eastern Conference.”

The ranking system that decides which teams play each other—the best teams get easier matchups.

“The #1 seed plays the #8 seed because the #1 team earned the easier opponent.”

When a judge decides what punishment someone should get after they're found guilty of breaking the law.

“Joseph Sanberg is waiting for the judge's sentencing, which will decide what happens to him.”

A set of games between two teams where the first one to win a certain number moves on.

“The Flyers are up 2-0 in a best-of-seven series, so they need two more wins.”

A set of games between two teams where the first to win a certain number of games wins the series.

“In the playoffs, two teams play a series where the first to win four games moves to the next round.”

Being ahead in the number of wins in a playoff matchup where teams play multiple games.

“The Lakers have a 2-0 series lead, meaning they've won 2 games and the Rockets have won 0.”

A subtle way of disrespecting or making fun of someone without saying it directly.

“When Drake wore the rival team's jacket, he was throwing shade at Caleb Williams.”

The natural ups and downs in how well a team or player makes shots from game to game.

“A player might shoot 50% one night and 30% the next night — that's shooting variance.”

Playing without some of your best or regular players because they're injured or unavailable.

“The Lakers were shorthanded because Luka Doncic couldn't play.”

The infielder who stands between second and third base and is usually the best defensive player on the team.

“CJ Abrams plays shortstop, which means he has to field ground balls and make throws across the diamond.”

A game where one team scores goals but the other team doesn't score any.

“The goalie played so well that the team got a 4-0 shutout.”

The edge of the field where the coach stands during a game to watch and give orders.

“The coach yelled from the sideline to tell his players what play to run next.”

When a player is injured and can't play.

“Austin Reaves was sidelined with an injury, so he sat out Game 1.”

When a player can't play because of injury or another reason.

“Doncic was sidelined with a knee injury, so he missed the game.”

When a player agrees to a contract with a team and officially joins that team.

“If the Giants want Odell Beckham Jr. to play for them, they will need to sign him to a contract.”

The best player on a team who doesn't start the game but comes in off the bench to play big minutes.

“Keldon Johnson is the Spurs' sixth man because he plays a lot but doesn't start.”

The best player who starts on the bench instead of playing from the beginning of the game.

“Tyler Herro won Sixth Man of the Year because he came off the bench and scored more points than any other bench player.”

The best player who comes off the bench and doesn't start games, but still helps their team win a lot.

“A Sixth Man of the Year candidate is someone who plays 20-30 minutes per game off the bench and is really impactful.”

Another word for a losing streak; when a team hits a rough patch.

“The Phillies are trying to end their skid before the season gets too far away.”

A player that experts think will be really good even though most people haven't heard of them yet.

“Nobody expected that cornerback to be good until he dominated in games and became a sleeper.”

A player nobody is talking about much but who could turn out to be really good.

“That defensive back from a small college could be this year's sleeper — lots of teams are starting to notice him.”

When a player everyone thought would get picked early instead falls down the list and gets picked later than expected.

“Some people thought the wide receiver would be picked in the top 5, but he slid all the way to pick 15.”

A player who hits a lot of home runs and gets a lot of hits.

“Murakami is already being called a slugger because he's hitting so many homers.”

A period where a player is not getting hits or playing well, no matter what they do.

“DeLauter was in a slump and only got 7 hits in 47 at-bats.”

When someone or something important is left out or passed over when everyone thought they should be picked.

“It's a snub if a five-star quarterback doesn't get drafted until the third round.”

Apps like TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube where people post videos and pictures that other people can watch and share.

“McCain posts his dances on social media so millions of people can see them.”

A message or update someone shares on apps like Instagram, Twitter, or TikTok that other people can see.

“Perez posted something on social media that his manager didn't like.”

The players who handle kicking, punting, and kickoffs — basically any play that isn't a normal offensive or defensive play.

“The kicker and punter are part of special teams, not the offense or defense.”

A person whose job is to cover games, interview players and coaches, and write stories about sports.

“Dianna Russini is a sports reporter who interviews athletes and breaks news about what's happening in sports.”

An award given to a player who plays hard but treats others with respect and represents their team well.

“Derrick White won the Sportsmanship Award because he plays tough defense but doesn't get technical fouls or disrespect opponents.”

An injury where ligaments (the bands that hold your bones together) get stretched or torn.

“A sprained knee means the ligaments around the knee got hurt, but the bone is fine.”

A list that shows how many wins and losses each team has, ranked from best to worst.

“After the sweep, the Yankees moved higher in the standings because they have more wins now.”

The biggest trophy in hockey that the best team in the world wins each year.

“The Colorado Avalanche won the Stanley Cup in 2022.”

The tournament where the 16 best hockey teams compete to win the sport's biggest championship.

“The Stanley Cup playoffs start in April every year and the winner gets to celebrate with the famous Cup.”

One of the best and most important players on a team.

“Giannis is the star player for the Bucks, so the whole team relies on him.”

The best and most important player on a team who usually plays the most minutes and scores the most points.

“Jayson Tatum is a star player because he's one of the top scorers in the entire NBA.”

When a pitcher is chosen to be the main pitcher for a game from the beginning.

“Schlittler got his first start at Fenway Park, meaning he was the opening pitcher for that game.”

The pitcher who begins the game and throws the first pitches; usually the team's best pitcher.

“Every team has five or six starters that they rotate through the season.”

The pitcher who begins the game for their team and is supposed to pitch the most innings.

“Sonny Gray is the Red Sox's starter, so he was supposed to pitch 6 or 7 innings.”

The pitcher who throws at the beginning of the game and usually pitches for the first five or six innings.

“Every team's starting pitcher is one of their most important players because they set the tone for the whole game.”

The QB who plays at the beginning of the game for the team, instead of coming in later as a backup.

“Jacoby Brissett is the Cardinals' starting quarterback, so he's the one who throws most of the passes.”

When a team picks a really good player later than expected, getting a bargain.

“That third-round pick turned out to be a steal — he's now an All-Pro.”

When you take the ball away from the other team without them shooting it.

“LeBron got 2 steals, meaning he grabbed the ball twice when the Rockets were trying to play offense.”

When a muscle or joint feels tight and hard to move, like it's not loose and flexible.

“Langford felt stiffness in his forearm, which meant it was tight and uncomfortable.”

How much teams think a player is worth or how interested they are in picking him.

“After the receiver had a great game, his stock went up and teams started talking about drafting him earlier.”

Collecting a bunch of something, hoping quantity will solve your problems.

“Having ten picks is like stockpiling candy — it only helps if you pick the kinds you like.”

When a runner takes off for the next base without the batter hitting the ball and makes it safely.

“Stealing 30 bases means the player was fast enough and smart enough to take 30 extra bases without the help of a hit.”

When you stretch or pull a muscle a little too hard, causing pain and swelling.

“A quadriceps strain means the thigh muscle got stretched too far and needs rest to heal.”

When you stretch or pull a muscle too far and it gets injured.

“Soto's calf strain meant the muscle in his leg was hurt and needed time to heal.”

A plan a coach makes for how the team will play — like which defense to use or how to move the ball.

“The Lakers' strategy is to move the basketball around and wear out the other team's defense.”

A long run of wins or losses in a row.

“Vegas is on a winning streak where they haven't lost in regulation.”

When something keeps happening over and over without stopping.

“The Celtics are on a seven-game winning streak against the Sixers, meaning they've won the last seven times they've played.”

An invisible rectangle over home plate where a pitch counts as a strike if it passes through it.

“The pitcher's throw was right down the middle of the strike zone, so it was definitely a strike.”

When a pitcher throws three strikes and the batter is out without hitting the ball.

“Miller threw three fastballs past the batter for a strikeout.”

When a pitcher throws three strikes and the batter is out without hitting the ball.

“The pitcher threw three strikes in a row and got a strikeout — the batter had to leave the field.”

The percentage of batters a pitcher strikes out compared to the total batters he faces.

“Miller's strikeout rate is over 70%, meaning he strikes out more than 7 out of every 10 batters.”

When a pitcher throws three strikes to a batter and the batter is out; pitchers earn points for strikeouts in fantasy.

“The pitcher had 10 strikeouts in his last game, which was huge for my fantasy team.”

A serious health emergency where blood flow to the brain is blocked, which can affect a person's body and abilities.

“Gregg Popovich is recovering from a stroke but still came to encourage his team.”

A person who sits in a TV studio before or after games and talks about what's happening or what might happen.

“The studio analyst explained why the quarterback threw that pass before the game started.”

The person who will take over someone's job after they leave or retire.

“Ty Simpson is the likely successor to Matthew Stafford as the Rams' quarterback.”

Awards or titles you give to people for being the best at something specific.

“In yearbooks, kids get superlatives like 'Best Smile' or 'Most Likely to Succeed.'”

When doctors perform a medical operation on you, usually to fix or remove something inside your body.

“Trocheck needed surgery to treat his lung infection, which meant doctors had to operate on him.”

When one team wins every single game in a series against another team.

“The Yankees just swept the Red Sox by winning all three games at Fenway Park.”

When one team wins all the games in a playoff series without losing any.

“If the Flyers win Game 4, they'll sweep the Penguins 4-0.”

Losing all the games in a playoff series without winning even one game.

“If the Kings lose Game 4, they'll be swept 4-0.”

Two people or things working together as a team, taking turns at the same job.

“The Avalanche's goalie tandem means Blackwood and Wedgewood both start games.”

When a team intentionally tries to lose games to get a better draft pick.

“Some people think teams tank late in the season when they know they won't make the playoffs.”

When a team intentionally tries to lose games so they can pick higher in the draft.

“Some fans worry teams are tanking when they trade away their good players mid-season.”

Video footage of a player's games that scouts and coaches watch to decide if they're good.

“Ty Simpson's tape is shorter than other quarterbacks because he didn't play much in college.”

A penalty for breaking non-playing rules, like arguing with the ref or flopping too obviously.

“The coach got a technical foul for yelling at the referee.”

A penalty for breaking a rule that's not about playing the game — like taunting, complaining to the ref, or unsportsmanlike behavior.

“If you get two technicals in one game, you're ejected and can't play anymore.”

A period of time when a team is successful and winning a lot.

“The Warriors' 'run' of winning championships lasted from 2015 to 2019.”

The player who defends third base and tries to get runners out by catching or throwing the ball.

“The third baseman has to react fast because many batters hit the ball down the line in that direction.”

The final 20 minutes of a hockey game when teams are fighting hardest because it's their last chance to win.

“The Sabres scored three goals in the third period to win the game.”

A basket made from beyond the three-point line, worth three points instead of two.

“Steph Curry is famous for making three-pointers from really far away.”

A shot taken from beyond the three-point line (far away from the basket) that counts as three points instead of two.

“KAT is good at hitting three-pointers, which makes him hard to defend.”

A rule used to decide between two teams that finished with the exact same record.

“If the Suns and Grizzlies both won 50 games, the NBA uses a tiebreaker to see who gets the better draft pick.”

Being one of the teams that could realistically win the championship.

“The Lakers are in title contention this year because they have great players and a good record.”

An operation where doctors repair a torn ligament in a pitcher's elbow that gets injured from throwing.

“The pitcher had Tommy John surgery and missed the whole next season recovering.”

When an NBA team selects a player early in the draft, before most other teams get to choose.

“Peterson is expected to be a top-10 pick, meaning one of the first 10 teams will probably draft him.”

The team with the best record in the playoffs, ranked #1 and given home-court advantage.

“As the top seed, the Pistons get to play more games at home during the playoffs.”

One of the first 10 chances to choose a college player in the annual draft, usually a really valuable thing to have.

“Instead of using a top-10 pick on a young player, the Bengals traded it for an already-great player.”

The five most valuable draft picks, given to the five worst teams from the previous season.

“If your team goes 2-15, you get a top-five pick and can choose almost any college player you want.”

The best group of players on a team; they play the most important minutes and score the most goals.

“Hintz plays on the top line, which means he's one of the team's best players.”

The team with the best record in the regular season, ranked first for the playoffs.

“The Avalanche are the top seed, which means they won more games than any other team.”

The team with the best record in the regular season, which gives them an advantage in the playoffs.

“The Pistons are the #1 seed because they won more games than any other team this year.”

The team that had the best record during the regular season and gets an advantage in the playoffs.

“The Avalanche are the top seed, so they earned the right to play at home more often.”

The number of times a player gets the ball (either by running with it or catching it).

“A running back with 20 touches in a game is probably gonna score fantasy points.”

A person's history of success or failure at what they do — how well they've done their job in the past.

“That player has a great track record of scoring 20 points a night.”

When two teams swap players — one team gives up a player and gets a player from the other team in return.

“The Giants traded Dexter Lawrence to the Bengals in exchange for a draft pick.”

When two teams swap players with each other—one team gives up a player, the other gives up a different player.

“The Falcons traded their defensive lineman to the Jaguars in exchange for a different defensive lineman.”

When two teams swap their picks so one team can pick earlier and the other gets something in return.

“The Jaguars traded picks with the Browns so they could jump ahead and pick Travis Hunter.”

When two teams swap picks or picks plus players so they can pick in a different order.

“A team might trade their first-round pick to another team to get two later picks instead.”

When one team gives their draft pick to another team in exchange for something else, like a different pick or current players.

“Team A traded their first-round pick to Team B in exchange for two second-round picks.”

When two teams swap picks so one team can move up and pick sooner than they normally could.

“The Eagles traded with the Cowboys, giving up a later pick so they could select Lemon at No. 20 instead of waiting.”

A date (August 31) after which MLB teams can't trade players for the rest of that season.

“The trade deadline is coming up, so teams have to decide soon if they're going to make moves.”

Move later in the draft order in exchange for getting extra picks.

“A team might trade down from pick 5 to pick 15 and get an extra pick as a bonus.”

Giving away your pick (the right to choose) to another team, usually to get something else in return.

“If you trade down, you might give your first-round pick to another team and get two later picks instead.”

Give up picks to move earlier in the draft order so you pick sooner.

“A team trades up when they really want a specific player and need to pick before someone else takes him.”

When a team gives up multiple picks to another team so they can pick earlier in the draft.

“The Cowboys traded up to pick #10 so they could get the quarterback they wanted before another team picked him.”

Trading up means giving a team picks in the future so you can pick earlier; trading down means moving back in order but getting extra picks.

“The Eagles traded up 5 spots to grab the player they really wanted before another team could pick him.”

When two teams swap players—one team gives up a player to get someone else's player in return.

“The Vikings traded for Kyler Murray by giving the Cardinals draft picks and other players.”

Giving up something you have now (like a draft pick) to another team in exchange for something else.

“The Jets traded away some of their current players to get more draft picks from other teams.”

A collectible card with a picture and stats of a sports player, usually sold in packs.

“I pulled a Luka Doncic trading card from a pack I bought at the store.”

When your team is losing or behind in points during a game.

“The Cavs never trailed, which means they were ahead the whole game.”

When a player says something bold or insulting about another player or team, usually to get in their head or show confidence.

“McDaniels' comment about the Nuggets being "all bad defenders" is trash talk because he's publicly insulting them.”

When players say things to the other team to make them mad, frustrated, or less focused.

“Jaden McDaniels said the Nuggets were bad defenders—that's trash talk.”

A court hearing where a judge or jury listens to both sides and decides if someone is guilty or not guilty of a crime.

“If he went to trial, lawyers would argue about what happened and a judge would decide.”

The highest level of minor league baseball, just one step below the major leagues.

“Alex Hoppe was playing in Triple-A for Tacoma before being recalled.”

When a player gets 10 or more of something in three different stats (like points, assists, and rebounds).

“LeBron had 19 points, 13 assists, and 8 rebounds—almost a triple-double.”

To make fun of someone online in a teasing way, usually to get a reaction.

“The Twins trolled the Mets by posting jokes about them on social media.”

Posting something online to get a reaction or make people argue, usually for fun or attention.

“Drake might be trolling by wearing the Packers jacket to see how many people would react.”

When your team loses the puck to the other team, usually because of a bad pass or mistake.

“The Stars had too many turnovers in Game 1, which let Minnesota score easy goals.”

A player who is great at both scoring and defense.

“Jalen Williams is a two-way player because he drops 20 points a night and also stops the other team's best scorers.”

A player good enough to play both offense and defense in professional football.

“Travis Hunter can catch passes and also tackle people, making him a two-way player.”

Teams that most people don't think will win, but might surprise everyone.

“The Sabres are underdogs, but they're playing so well that people are starting to believe in them.”

Not chosen by any team in the draft; you're free to sign with whoever wants you.

“Peyton Gray was undrafted, but he still worked his way up through the minor leagues.”

When everyone is together and on the same page, acting as one team instead of individuals.

“Wearing matching suits showed the Spurs were unified and ready to play together.”

When you do something that goes against the spirit of fair play — like taunting or showing up an opponent too much.

“The ref called unsportsmanlike conduct because Brown celebrated too hard over his opponent.”

A famous company that makes and sells basketball, baseball, and other sports trading cards.

“My older brother has a stack of Upper Deck cards from the 1990s.”

When a team that's expected to lose actually wins against a much better team.

“The Magic pulling off an upset means they beat a team that was supposed to beat them.”

When the team expected to lose actually wins against a team people thought was better.

“The Nuggets pulling off an upset means nobody thought they'd beat the Timberwolves.”

A feeling that something is really important and needs to happen right now.

“When a test is tomorrow, you feel urgency to study tonight instead of waiting.”

When a team picks a really good player at a spot where they shouldn't be that good yet.

“The Eagles got value by picking a star linebacker in the 15th spot when he could have gone later.”

How fast a pitch is thrown, measured in miles per hour.

“That pitcher has great velocity — his fastball hits 98 mph on the radar gun.”

A building or place where an event, like a game or concert, is held.

“The new venue will be much more modern than Kauffman Stadium.”

Able to do many different things really well, instead of being good at just one thing.

“A versatile player can shoot, dribble, pass, and defend. A player who only dunks is not versatile.”

Able to do many different things well.

“Wembanyama is versatile on defense because he can guard any player on the court, not just big guys.”

The ability to do many different things well, instead of being good at just one thing.

“KAT's versatility (he can shoot, pass, and defend) makes him valuable to any team.”

A player who has been in the league for many years and has lots of experience.

“Dexter Lawrence is a veteran because he's played for the Giants for several seasons.”

A player who has been in the league for many years and has a lot of experience.

“The veteran running back taught the rookies how to read the defense.”

The award for the best goalie during the season.

“The Vezina Trophy goes to the goalie with the best record or lowest goals allowed.”

The general feeling or mood in a place, like if a team feels happy and confident or stressed and frustrated.

“The gym had a great vibe after the team won — everyone was loud and celebrating.”

When something spreads super fast online because tons of people are sharing it and talking about it.

“That dance video went viral and got 5 million views in one week.”

A list of players not on any fantasy team yet, available for anyone to claim for free.

“After the star pitcher got injured, a backup came available on the waiver wire and three teams tried to claim him.”

When a batter gets four balls, they get to go to first base without swinging.

“The pitcher threw four pitches outside the strike zone, so the batter walked to first base.”

When the home team scores the winning run in the last inning, ending the game immediately.

“The Cubs got a walk-off win when they scored in the 10th inning.”

When the home team scores the winning run in their final turn to bat, and the game ends immediately.

“The Cubs got a walk-off win because they scored the go-ahead run in the 10th inning.”

The practice time right before a game where players stretch, shoot, and get ready to play.

“The team will decide on Durant during warmups, just 30 minutes before the game starts.”

When a team will re-check a hurt player every week to see if they're healthy enough to play.

“If a player is week-to-week, they might play next game or might need more time — the team doesn't know yet.”

The other half of the NBA; the Lakers and Nuggets play in this conference.

“The Lakers and Nuggets are in the Western Conference and are rivals in the playoffs.”

An offensive player whose main job is to run downfield and catch passes from the quarterback.

“Odell Beckham Jr. is a wide receiver who is known for making incredible catches.”

The player whose main job is to catch passes from the quarterback.

“Makai Lemon is a wide receiver, so he'll line up on the edge and run routes to catch the football.”

A pitcher gets credit for a win if their team is ahead when they stop pitching and stays ahead for the rest of the game.

“Even though Ritchie gave up a run, his team scored more, so he got the win.”

A number that experts predict a team will win during the regular season.

“The Chiefs' win total is 13, meaning experts think they'll win 13 games out of 17.”

The professional women's basketball league in the United States, where the best female basketball players in the world play.

“Rickea Jackson plays in the WNBA, which is like the NBA but for women.”

The biggest basketball tournament in the world where the best players from every country compete against each other.

“The Basketball World Cup happens every four years, kind of like the Olympics.”

The championship series in baseball where the two best teams play each other to win it all.

“The Angels beat the Giants in the 2002 World Series to become champions.”

A special photo that doctors take to see inside your body and check if any bones are broken.

“When Acuña got hit, the team took X-rays to make sure his ribs weren't broken.”